Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004800">
                <pb pagenum="461" xlink:href="016/01/110.jpg"/>
              hoſtium colonias tranſlatæ: amiſſum etiam
                <lb/>
              imperium primò, inde libertas: demum
                <lb/>
              muris euerſis, quod deterrimum fuit, vrbs
                <lb/>
              ipſa in triginta tyrannorum poteſtatem re­
                <lb/>
              dacta eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004801">Neſcio quàm ſanctè rempubli­
                <lb/>
              cam ſuam tractarit: quàm callidè vltus ſit
                <lb/>
              inimicos, omnibus conſpicuum eſt, vt nun­
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              quam poſthac Athenienſium ciuitas im­
                <lb/>
              perium recuperare potuerit, autor eſt
                <lb/>
              Diodorus Siculus in duodecimo Biblio­
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              thecæ ſuæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004802">Itaque vt ad rem redeam,
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              ſplendor in gemmis & perſpicuitatis cau­
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              ſa ſunt, vitia fiant manifeſtiora. </s>
              <s id="s.004803">Perſpi­
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              cuitatis cauſa in gemmis ( nam ſuperius
                <lb/>
              de metallis egimus ) eſt, vt colore ca­
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              reant, & aqueam habeant ſubſtantiam.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg675"/>
                <lb/>
              Oſtendit hoc experimentum Chalcedonij,
                <lb/>
              qui onychis ſpecies eſt: nam in aquam in­
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              iectus, eſt perſpicuus, & coloris aquei:
                <lb/>
              ſiccatus candidus & minimè perſpicuus,
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              raræ enim ſubſtantiæ eſt, atque ideo aquam
                <lb/>
              combibit. </s>
              <s id="s.004804">Eius permiſtione opacitas tolli­
                <lb/>
              tur, color enim candidus nunquam po­
                <lb/>
              teſt eſſe perfectè perſpicuus, quoniam ra­
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              dios diſſipat, & permutat à propria na­
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              tura, vt vel non poſſint penetrare: vel ſi
                <lb/>
              penetrent, rei imaginem colore vitiàto
                <lb/>
              oſtendere nequeant. </s>
              <s id="s.004805">His igitur de cauſis
                <lb/>
              aqueus color, vt qui aquæ, vitri, cryſtal­
                <lb/>
              li, adamantis perſpicuitati ſuper omnes alios
                <lb/>
              colores conuenit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004806">
                <margin.target id="marg670"/>
              Gemmarum
                <lb/>
              propria ſi­
                <lb/>
              gna.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004807">
                <margin.target id="marg671"/>
              Gemmarum
                <lb/>
              inuentio
                <lb/>
              quomodo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004808">
                <margin.target id="marg672"/>
              Gemmarum
                <lb/>
              vitia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004809">
                <margin.target id="marg673"/>
              Sapientes
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              cur magis
                <lb/>
              vitiis dediti
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              videantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004810">
                <margin.target id="marg674"/>
              Sapientes cur
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="plerunq;">plerunque</expan>
              ſuæ
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              patriæ perni­
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              ciem attule­
                <lb/>
              runt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004811">
                <margin.target id="marg675"/>
              Perſpicuita­
                <lb/>
              tis in gem­
                <lb/>
              mis cauſa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004812">Præcipuæ inter gemmas, Smaragdus vi­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg676"/>
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              ridis, carbunculus rubens, adamas can­
                <lb/>
              didus, margarita lactea, ſapphirus cæru­
                <lb/>
              leus, chryſolithus aureus, opalus varius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004813">Pretia eo ordine nunc apud nos ſe ha­
                <lb/>
              bent, niſi quòd opalus ſmaragdum ſequi­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.004814">His hyacinthus addatur, & Pran­
                <lb/>
              nium, altera purpurei, reliqua nigri colo­
                <lb/>
              ris, quanquam pretij non parua ſit diſſimi­
                <lb/>
              litudo.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg677"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004815">
                <margin.target id="marg676"/>
              Gemmæ præ­
                <lb/>
              cipuæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004816">
                <margin.target id="marg677"/>
              Lapidibus
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              morbos, ſe­
                <lb/>
              nium ac
                <lb/>
              mortem ad­
                <lb/>
              uenire.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004817">Viuere ſuperius omnia quæ miſcentur
                <lb/>
              demonſtrauimus, hoc autem maximè lapi­
                <lb/>
              dibus conuenit. </s>
              <s id="s.004818">Neque ſolùm viuunt, ſed
                <lb/>
              morbos, & ſenectutem, & pòſt etiam
                <lb/>
              mortem patiuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.004819">Nam ſenio confectus
                <lb/>
              Herculeus lapis, ferrum non trahit: pe­
                <lb/>
              ctore etiam ac ſqualore debilitatur, vt etiam
                <lb/>
              animal. Neque enim qualitate id agunt,
                <lb/>
              ſed vita: nam piper prius piper eſſe de­
                <lb/>
              ſinit, quàm quòd ſumptum ab homine
                <lb/>
              non excalefaciat, etſi ſit vetuſtiſſimum: at
                <lb/>
              lapides nulla ex parte carioſi propriis viri­
                <lb/>
              bus deſtituuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.004820">Obſcuriora hæc ſunt om­
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              nia in lapidibus quàm in plantis, quantò
                <lb/>
              etiam vita in his minus, & vitæ opera
                <lb/>
              ſunt manifeſta. </s>
              <s id="s.004821">Sed ſi tamen animaduer­
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              tas, & pallere, & obfuſcari, & propriis
                <lb/>
              viribus deſtitui, cariemque pati videbis
                <lb/>
              Creſcunt & hac de cauſa lapides exciſi,
                <arrow.to.target n="marg678"/>
                <lb/>
              quoniam viuunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004822">Nam & plantarum par­
                <lb/>
              tes, & chelæ cancrorum, & lacertarum cau­
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              dæ auulſæ reparantur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004823">
                <margin.target id="marg678"/>
              Lapides cur
                <lb/>
              exciſi denuò
                <lb/>
              creſcant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004824">Lapidibus
                <lb/>
              cur vires
                <lb/>
              maiores
                <lb/>
              quàm ani­
                <lb/>
              malibus &
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              plantis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004825">Dubitabit autem meritò aliquis, cur
                <lb/>
              lapidibus ipſis maiores vires eſſe videantur,
                <lb/>
              quàm animalibus, aut plantis, cùm anima­
                <lb/>
              lia & plantæ clariore viuant vita? </s>
              <s id="s.004826">Ergo
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              plures huius rei cauſæ ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004827">Prima, quòd
                <lb/>
              dum animal & plantam multis functioni­
                <lb/>
              bus aptam parare neceſſe fuerit, non licuit
                <lb/>
              miſtionem adeò temperare, vt vires illas
                <lb/>
              admirabiles aſſequeretur. </s>
              <s id="s.004828">Indicio eſt, quòd
                <lb/>
              inter animalia viliſſima quæque clarioribus
                <lb/>
              virtutibus prædita ſunt, vt ſalamandra,
                <lb/>
              bombyx, cicendula, chamæleon. </s>
              <s id="s.004829">Et inter
                <lb/>
              lapides non gemmæ trahunt ferrum, aut
                <lb/>
              illud ad polos dirigunt, ſed obſcurus ac
                <lb/>
              omni carens pulchritudine Herculeus lapis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004830">Altera eſt, quòd mollis materia tantam
                <lb/>
              vim ſuſpicere non poterat, vt nec dura fa­
                <lb/>
              cilè varietatem figurarum: ob hoc nec la­
                <lb/>
              pidibus folia, flores, aut fructus adſunt vel
                <lb/>
              crura, aut oculi, nec animalibus, aut plan­
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              tis tam validæ, aut admirabiles vires. </s>
              <s id="s.004831">Ac­
                <lb/>
              cedit quòd generatio lapidum in longo tem­
                <lb/>
              pore ſit, in breui plantarum & animalium:
                <lb/>
              itaque maius aliquid temporis longitudine
                <lb/>
              adiuta molliri natura poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004832">Plures etiam
                <lb/>
              vires animalibus ſunt, quæ vel à voluntatis
                <lb/>
              arbitrio procedere putantes non miramur:
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              aut ob illorum captinitatem nos latent. </s>
              <s id="s.004833">Qua­
                <lb/>
              mobrem apertè de lapidum viribus iudicare
                <lb/>
              licet illas nec agnoſcere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004834">Hyacintho tribuunt non paucas laudes
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg679"/>
                <lb/>
              viri autoritate digni, inter quos Serapio,
                <lb/>
              quem Ioannem Damaſcenum in commento
                <lb/>
              ſuper Artem medicam eſſe docuimus: quòd
                <lb/>
              à fulgure tutos reddat geſtantes, atque adeò
                <lb/>
              tutos, vt vel cera quæ illius cœlaturæ ſubie­
                <lb/>
              cta fuerit, etiam illud geſtata arceat. </s>
              <s id="s.004835">Exper­
                <lb/>
              tumque eſſe in regionibus illis, in quibus
                <lb/>
              plures fulmine pereunt, cùm nemo quia hya­
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              cinthum ferat, tangatur ab eo. </s>
              <s id="s.004836">Simili mira­
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              culo geſtantes, à peſtis periculo liberat,
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
                <lb/>
              in aëre peſtilenti habitantes. </s>
              <s id="s.004837">Tertium eſt,
                <lb/>
              quòd ſomnum conciliat, hocque ſe exper­
                <lb/>
              tum fatetur Albertus Magnus. </s>
              <s id="s.004838">Ego præ­
                <lb/>
              grandem ſoleo geſtare, videturque aliquid,
                <lb/>
              non tamen multum conferre ad ſomnum:
                <lb/>
              verùm non puniceus hic meus eſt, atque ex
                <lb/>
              illo optimo genere, ſed aureus, multum­
                <lb/>
              que ab optimo dehiſcens. </s>
              <s id="s.004839">Optimus enim
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg680"/>
                <lb/>
              puniceus eſt, qui rarò lentis ſuperat magni­
                <lb/>
              tudinem. </s>
              <s id="s.004840">Hic dum iuxta ignem eſt, id eſt,
                <lb/>
              ſuper prunas poſitus, obſcurior fit ac rubi­
                <lb/>
              cundior, ab igne remotus ſplendeſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.004841">Verùm
                <lb/>
              parum hoc genus à carbunculo nobilitate
                <lb/>
              differt, rariſſima ( vt dixi ) mediocri magni­
                <lb/>
              tudine. </s>
              <s id="s.004842">Referunt ad hoc genus vires omnes
                <lb/>
              manifeſtè, obſcurè verò ad aureum, nullo
                <lb/>
              modo ad aqueum, hic enim vili, eſt, & effœ­
                <lb/>
              tarum virium: augere præterea diuitias ac
                <lb/>
              autoritatem exiſtimant, cor verò confir­
                <lb/>
              mare admodum, lætitiamque non obſcu­
                <lb/>
              ram gignere. </s>
              <s id="s.004843">Horum igitur cauſam non
                <lb/>
              tanquam verorum, ſed vt poſſibilium af­
                <lb/>
              feramus. </s>
              <s id="s.004844">Frigidi temperamenti eſt: atque
                <lb/>
              hoc fermè omnibus commune gemmis, &
                <lb/>
              ſpiritui humano commodus, ſeu ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tiæ ſimilitudine, ſeu claritate, ſeu colo­
                <lb/>
              re qui ſimillimus eſt, ſeu alia cauſa, vn­
                <lb/>
              de illum reparans & confirmans hilarem
                <lb/>
              reddit: nihil enim aliud eſt triſtitia, quàm
                <lb/>
              vel contractio ſpiritus, vel paucitas, vel
                <lb/>
              obſcuritas. </s>
              <s id="s.004845">Eadem igitur ratione, vt qui­
                <lb/>
              dam ſe expertos retulerunt, ſi quid aliud
                <lb/>
              cor confirmat: peſtem quoque arcet,
                <lb/>
              quæ maximè contingit ob metum &
                <lb/>
              cordis imbecillitatem, quæ duo hyacin­
                <lb/>
              thus abolet: ob hoc pueri, & mulieres, & </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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