Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004800">
                <pb pagenum="461" xlink:href="016/01/110.jpg"/>
              hoſtium colonias tranſlatæ: amiſſum etiam
                <lb/>
              imperium primò, inde libertas: demum
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              muris euerſis, quod deterrimum fuit, vrbs
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              ipſa in triginta tyrannorum poteſtatem re­
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              dacta eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004801">Neſcio quàm ſanctè rempubli­
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              cam ſuam tractarit: quàm callidè vltus ſit
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              inimicos, omnibus conſpicuum eſt, vt nun­
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              quam poſthac Athenienſium ciuitas im­
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              perium recuperare potuerit, autor eſt
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              Diodorus Siculus in duodecimo Biblio­
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              thecæ ſuæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004802">Itaque vt ad rem redeam,
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              ſplendor in gemmis & perſpicuitatis cau­
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              ſa ſunt, vitia fiant manifeſtiora. </s>
              <s id="s.004803">Perſpi­
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              cuitatis cauſa in gemmis ( nam ſuperius
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              de metallis egimus ) eſt, vt colore ca­
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              reant, & aqueam habeant ſubſtantiam.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg675"/>
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              Oſtendit hoc experimentum Chalcedonij,
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              qui onychis ſpecies eſt: nam in aquam in­
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              iectus, eſt perſpicuus, & coloris aquei:
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              ſiccatus candidus & minimè perſpicuus,
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              raræ enim ſubſtantiæ eſt, atque ideo aquam
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              combibit. </s>
              <s id="s.004804">Eius permiſtione opacitas tolli­
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              tur, color enim candidus nunquam po­
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              teſt eſſe perfectè perſpicuus, quoniam ra­
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              dios diſſipat, & permutat à propria na­
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              tura, vt vel non poſſint penetrare: vel ſi
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              penetrent, rei imaginem colore vitiàto
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              oſtendere nequeant. </s>
              <s id="s.004805">His igitur de cauſis
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              aqueus color, vt qui aquæ, vitri, cryſtal­
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              li, adamantis perſpicuitati ſuper omnes alios
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              colores conuenit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004806">
                <margin.target id="marg670"/>
              Gemmarum
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              propria ſi­
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              gna.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004807">
                <margin.target id="marg671"/>
              Gemmarum
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              inuentio
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              quomodo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004808">
                <margin.target id="marg672"/>
              Gemmarum
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              vitia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004809">
                <margin.target id="marg673"/>
              Sapientes
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              cur magis
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              vitiis dediti
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              videantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004810">
                <margin.target id="marg674"/>
              Sapientes cur
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                <expan abbr="plerunq;">plerunque</expan>
              ſuæ
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              patriæ perni­
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              ciem attule­
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              runt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004811">
                <margin.target id="marg675"/>
              Perſpicuita­
                <lb/>
              tis in gem­
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              mis cauſa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004812">Præcipuæ inter gemmas, Smaragdus vi­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg676"/>
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              ridis, carbunculus rubens, adamas can­
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              didus, margarita lactea, ſapphirus cæru­
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              leus, chryſolithus aureus, opalus varius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004813">Pretia eo ordine nunc apud nos ſe ha­
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              bent, niſi quòd opalus ſmaragdum ſequi­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.004814">His hyacinthus addatur, & Pran­
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              nium, altera purpurei, reliqua nigri colo­
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              ris, quanquam pretij non parua ſit diſſimi­
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              litudo.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg677"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004815">
                <margin.target id="marg676"/>
              Gemmæ præ­
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              cipuæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004816">
                <margin.target id="marg677"/>
              Lapidibus
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              morbos, ſe­
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              nium ac
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              mortem ad­
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              uenire.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004817">Viuere ſuperius omnia quæ miſcentur
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              demonſtrauimus, hoc autem maximè lapi­
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              dibus conuenit. </s>
              <s id="s.004818">Neque ſolùm viuunt, ſed
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              morbos, & ſenectutem, & pòſt etiam
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              mortem patiuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.004819">Nam ſenio confectus
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              Herculeus lapis, ferrum non trahit: pe­
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              ctore etiam ac ſqualore debilitatur, vt etiam
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              animal. Neque enim qualitate id agunt,
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              ſed vita: nam piper prius piper eſſe de­
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              ſinit, quàm quòd ſumptum ab homine
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              non excalefaciat, etſi ſit vetuſtiſſimum: at
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              lapides nulla ex parte carioſi propriis viri­
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              bus deſtituuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.004820">Obſcuriora hæc ſunt om­
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              nia in lapidibus quàm in plantis, quantò
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              etiam vita in his minus, & vitæ opera
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              ſunt manifeſta. </s>
              <s id="s.004821">Sed ſi tamen animaduer­
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              tas, & pallere, & obfuſcari, & propriis
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              viribus deſtitui, cariemque pati videbis
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              Creſcunt & hac de cauſa lapides exciſi,
                <arrow.to.target n="marg678"/>
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              quoniam viuunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004822">Nam & plantarum par­
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              tes, & chelæ cancrorum, & lacertarum cau­
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              dæ auulſæ reparantur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004823">
                <margin.target id="marg678"/>
              Lapides cur
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              exciſi denuò
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              creſcant.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004824">Lapidibus
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              cur vires
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              maiores
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              quàm ani­
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              malibus &
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              plantis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004825">Dubitabit autem meritò aliquis, cur
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              lapidibus ipſis maiores vires eſſe videantur,
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              quàm animalibus, aut plantis, cùm anima­
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              lia & plantæ clariore viuant vita? </s>
              <s id="s.004826">Ergo
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              plures huius rei cauſæ ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004827">Prima, quòd
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              dum animal & plantam multis functioni­
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              bus aptam parare neceſſe fuerit, non licuit
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              miſtionem adeò temperare, vt vires illas
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              admirabiles aſſequeretur. </s>
              <s id="s.004828">Indicio eſt, quòd
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              inter animalia viliſſima quæque clarioribus
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              virtutibus prædita ſunt, vt ſalamandra,
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              bombyx, cicendula, chamæleon. </s>
              <s id="s.004829">Et inter
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              lapides non gemmæ trahunt ferrum, aut
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              illud ad polos dirigunt, ſed obſcurus ac
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              omni carens pulchritudine Herculeus lapis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004830">Altera eſt, quòd mollis materia tantam
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              vim ſuſpicere non poterat, vt nec dura fa­
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              cilè varietatem figurarum: ob hoc nec la­
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              pidibus folia, flores, aut fructus adſunt vel
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              crura, aut oculi, nec animalibus, aut plan­
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              tis tam validæ, aut admirabiles vires. </s>
              <s id="s.004831">Ac­
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              cedit quòd generatio lapidum in longo tem­
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              pore ſit, in breui plantarum & animalium:
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              itaque maius aliquid temporis longitudine
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              adiuta molliri natura poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004832">Plures etiam
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              vires animalibus ſunt, quæ vel à voluntatis
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              arbitrio procedere putantes non miramur:
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              aut ob illorum captinitatem nos latent. </s>
              <s id="s.004833">Qua­
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              mobrem apertè de lapidum viribus iudicare
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              licet illas nec agnoſcere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004834">Hyacintho tribuunt non paucas laudes
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg679"/>
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              viri autoritate digni, inter quos Serapio,
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              quem Ioannem Damaſcenum in commento
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              ſuper Artem medicam eſſe docuimus: quòd
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              à fulgure tutos reddat geſtantes, atque adeò
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              tutos, vt vel cera quæ illius cœlaturæ ſubie­
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              cta fuerit, etiam illud geſtata arceat. </s>
              <s id="s.004835">Exper­
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              tumque eſſe in regionibus illis, in quibus
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              plures fulmine pereunt, cùm nemo quia hya­
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              cinthum ferat, tangatur ab eo. </s>
              <s id="s.004836">Simili mira­
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              culo geſtantes, à peſtis periculo liberat,
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
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              in aëre peſtilenti habitantes. </s>
              <s id="s.004837">Tertium eſt,
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              quòd ſomnum conciliat, hocque ſe exper­
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              tum fatetur Albertus Magnus. </s>
              <s id="s.004838">Ego præ­
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              grandem ſoleo geſtare, videturque aliquid,
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              non tamen multum conferre ad ſomnum:
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              verùm non puniceus hic meus eſt, atque ex
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              illo optimo genere, ſed aureus, multum­
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              que ab optimo dehiſcens. </s>
              <s id="s.004839">Optimus enim
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg680"/>
                <lb/>
              puniceus eſt, qui rarò lentis ſuperat magni­
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              tudinem. </s>
              <s id="s.004840">Hic dum iuxta ignem eſt, id eſt,
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              ſuper prunas poſitus, obſcurior fit ac rubi­
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              cundior, ab igne remotus ſplendeſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.004841">Verùm
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              parum hoc genus à carbunculo nobilitate
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              differt, rariſſima ( vt dixi ) mediocri magni­
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              tudine. </s>
              <s id="s.004842">Referunt ad hoc genus vires omnes
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              manifeſtè, obſcurè verò ad aureum, nullo
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              modo ad aqueum, hic enim vili, eſt, & effœ­
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              tarum virium: augere præterea diuitias ac
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              autoritatem exiſtimant, cor verò confir­
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              mare admodum, lætitiamque non obſcu­
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              ram gignere. </s>
              <s id="s.004843">Horum igitur cauſam non
                <lb/>
              tanquam verorum, ſed vt poſſibilium af­
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              feramus. </s>
              <s id="s.004844">Frigidi temperamenti eſt: atque
                <lb/>
              hoc fermè omnibus commune gemmis, &
                <lb/>
              ſpiritui humano commodus, ſeu ſubſtan­
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              tiæ ſimilitudine, ſeu claritate, ſeu colo­
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              re qui ſimillimus eſt, ſeu alia cauſa, vn­
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              de illum reparans & confirmans hilarem
                <lb/>
              reddit: nihil enim aliud eſt triſtitia, quàm
                <lb/>
              vel contractio ſpiritus, vel paucitas, vel
                <lb/>
              obſcuritas. </s>
              <s id="s.004845">Eadem igitur ratione, vt qui­
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              dam ſe expertos retulerunt, ſi quid aliud
                <lb/>
              cor confirmat: peſtem quoque arcet,
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              quæ maximè contingit ob metum &
                <lb/>
              cordis imbecillitatem, quæ duo hyacin­
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              thus abolet: ob hoc pueri, & mulieres, & </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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