1Want of ſufſicient Paſſages, Lights, open Areas,
and the like. But in the Hall for the Admi
niſtration of Juſtice, where Numbers of Peo
ple reſort about various Contentions, the A
pertures muſt be more and larger, and more
direct than either in the Temple or Senate
houſe. The Entrance into the Senate-houſe
ought to be made no leſs ſtrong than hand
ſome, for very many Reaſons, and particularly
to the Intent that no fooliſh headſtrong Rab
ble, at the Inſtigation of any ſeditious Ring
leader, may be able at any Time to attack and
inſult the Senators: For which Reaſon, more
than for any other, there ought to be Porti
coes, Veſtibules, and the like, where Servants,
Clients and Attendants, waiting for their Pa
trons, may be ready at Hand to defend them
in Caſe of any ſudden Commotion. I will not
omit one Obſervation, namely, that no Place
where we are to hear the Voices of Perſons
either ſpeaking, ſinging, or diſputing, ſhould
ever be vaulted becauſe ſuch Roofs confound
the Voice with Ecchoes: Whereas a flat Ceil
ing made of Timbers renders the Sound more
clear and diſtinct.
and the like. But in the Hall for the Admi
niſtration of Juſtice, where Numbers of Peo
ple reſort about various Contentions, the A
pertures muſt be more and larger, and more
direct than either in the Temple or Senate
houſe. The Entrance into the Senate-houſe
ought to be made no leſs ſtrong than hand
ſome, for very many Reaſons, and particularly
to the Intent that no fooliſh headſtrong Rab
ble, at the Inſtigation of any ſeditious Ring
leader, may be able at any Time to attack and
inſult the Senators: For which Reaſon, more
than for any other, there ought to be Porti
coes, Veſtibules, and the like, where Servants,
Clients and Attendants, waiting for their Pa
trons, may be ready at Hand to defend them
in Caſe of any ſudden Commotion. I will not
omit one Obſervation, namely, that no Place
where we are to hear the Voices of Perſons
either ſpeaking, ſinging, or diſputing, ſhould
ever be vaulted becauſe ſuch Roofs confound
the Voice with Ecchoes: Whereas a flat Ceil
ing made of Timbers renders the Sound more
clear and diſtinct.
That Incampments, or Lodgments for Soldiers by Land are of three Sorts; in
what Manner they are to be fortified; and the various Methods uſed by
different Nations.
what Manner they are to be fortified; and the various Methods uſed by
different Nations.
In laying down a Camp we ought to review
and re-conſider all thoſe Rules which we
gave in the laſt Book for the Situation of a Ci
ty; for, indeed, Camps are as it were the Seeds
of Cities, and you will find that not a few Ci
ties have been built in thoſe very Places, where
excellent Generals had before incamped with
their Armies. In making a Camp, the chief
Matter is to know to what Intent it is deſign
ed. There would not be the leaſt Occaſion
for a Camp if it were not for unforeſeen Acci
dents in War, and for the Apprehenſion of Aſ
ſaults from a ſuperior Force: And therefore
we are to conſider the Nature of the Enemy.
Of Enemies ſome are inferior as to Valour and
Number; ſome equal, ſome ſuperior. For this
Reaſon we ſhall determine the different Sorts
of Incampments to be three; the Firſt is that
which is made only for a Time, and is move
able every Moment, which is proper for with
ſtanding and managing an Enemy equal to
yourſelf, and is deſigned partly for keeping the
Soldier ſafe from ſudden Attacks, and partly
for watching and obtaining Opportunities of
effecting your Deſigns. The ſecond Sort of
Incampment is ſtationary, in which you wait
to oppreſs and ſubdue an Enemy, who, diſ
truſting his own Forces, ſhuts himſelf up in
ſome ſtrong Hold. The third Sort is that in
which you ſhut up yourſelf, to receive and re
pulſe the Attacks of a ſuperior Force, ſo as to
be able to ſend the Enemy away weary of the
Fatigues and Loſs in beſieging you. In all
theſe you muſt take great Care that every
Thing be ſo ordered, that not the leaſt Parti
cular be wanting which can be of Service to
your own Security and Welfare, and to the
ſuſtaining, repulſing and breaking the Enemy;
and on the Contrary, that the Enemy, as far as
lies in your Power, may have no Conveniency
whatſoever, by means of which he may either
hurt you, or ſecure himſelf. For this Reaſon,
the firſt Thing to be conſulted, is the Nature
of the Situation, that it be in a Country well
furniſhed with all Manner of Proviſions, and
lie convenient for the eaſy bringing in either of
Convoys or Supplies upon all Occaſions. Let
Water by no means be wanting, and let Wood
and Paſture be not far off. Take care to have
a free Communication with your own Terri
tory, and an open Paſſage at pleaſure into the
Enemy's. Let the Enemy on the Contrary, have
nothing but Difficulties and Obſtacles. I am
for having a Camp placed on a Situation ſo
high, as to have an open View of the Enemy's
Country all round; ſo that they may not be
gin or attempt any Thing whatſoever, without
your being immediately aware of it. Let it be
ſecured all round with ſteep Slopes, difficult
Aſcents, and broken Precipices; that the Ene
my may not be able to ſurround you with
Multitudes, nor to attack you on any Side,
without expoſing himſelf to imminent Danger;
or that if he ſhould come cloſe up to you, he
may not conveniently uſe his Engines, or make
any ſecure Lodgments for himſelf near you.
and re-conſider all thoſe Rules which we
gave in the laſt Book for the Situation of a Ci
ty; for, indeed, Camps are as it were the Seeds
of Cities, and you will find that not a few Ci
ties have been built in thoſe very Places, where
excellent Generals had before incamped with
their Armies. In making a Camp, the chief
Matter is to know to what Intent it is deſign
ed. There would not be the leaſt Occaſion
for a Camp if it were not for unforeſeen Acci
dents in War, and for the Apprehenſion of Aſ
ſaults from a ſuperior Force: And therefore
we are to conſider the Nature of the Enemy.
Of Enemies ſome are inferior as to Valour and
Number; ſome equal, ſome ſuperior. For this
Reaſon we ſhall determine the different Sorts
of Incampments to be three; the Firſt is that
which is made only for a Time, and is move
able every Moment, which is proper for with
ſtanding and managing an Enemy equal to
yourſelf, and is deſigned partly for keeping the
Soldier ſafe from ſudden Attacks, and partly
for watching and obtaining Opportunities of
effecting your Deſigns. The ſecond Sort of
Incampment is ſtationary, in which you wait
to oppreſs and ſubdue an Enemy, who, diſ
truſting his own Forces, ſhuts himſelf up in
ſome ſtrong Hold. The third Sort is that in
which you ſhut up yourſelf, to receive and re
pulſe the Attacks of a ſuperior Force, ſo as to
be able to ſend the Enemy away weary of the
Fatigues and Loſs in beſieging you. In all
theſe you muſt take great Care that every
Thing be ſo ordered, that not the leaſt Parti
cular be wanting which can be of Service to
your own Security and Welfare, and to the
ſuſtaining, repulſing and breaking the Enemy;
and on the Contrary, that the Enemy, as far as
lies in your Power, may have no Conveniency
whatſoever, by means of which he may either
hurt you, or ſecure himſelf. For this Reaſon,
the firſt Thing to be conſulted, is the Nature
of the Situation, that it be in a Country well
furniſhed with all Manner of Proviſions, and
lie convenient for the eaſy bringing in either of
Convoys or Supplies upon all Occaſions. Let
Water by no means be wanting, and let Wood
and Paſture be not far off. Take care to have
a free Communication with your own Terri
tory, and an open Paſſage at pleaſure into the
Enemy's. Let the Enemy on the Contrary, have
nothing but Difficulties and Obſtacles. I am
for having a Camp placed on a Situation ſo
high, as to have an open View of the Enemy's
Country all round; ſo that they may not be
gin or attempt any Thing whatſoever, without
your being immediately aware of it. Let it be
ſecured all round with ſteep Slopes, difficult
Aſcents, and broken Precipices; that the Ene
my may not be able to ſurround you with
Multitudes, nor to attack you on any Side,
without expoſing himſelf to imminent Danger;
or that if he ſhould come cloſe up to you, he
may not conveniently uſe his Engines, or make
any ſecure Lodgments for himſelf near you.