Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="463" xlink:href="016/01/112.jpg"/>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004893">
                <margin.target id="marg687"/>
              Gemmarum
                <lb/>
              nobilium
                <lb/>
              propriæ lau­
                <lb/>
              des.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004894">Probatur maximè, qui maximè ſplendet,
                <lb/>
              ac quaſi vt Sol quidam, qui neque lucos,
                <lb/>
              & virentia prata imitando oculos alacrita­
                <lb/>
              tate implet: neque vlla eſt alacrior gemma.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004895">Optimos etiam referunt coti Lydiæ affrica­
                <lb/>
              tos, æream maculam relinquere. </s>
              <s id="s.004896">Somnia
                <lb/>
              verò & imagines mouere longè minus mi­
                <lb/>
              rum eſſe conſtat, quàm præbere diuinatio­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg688"/>
                <lb/>
              nem. </s>
              <s id="s.004897">Sic lapis ille qui apud me eſt, imagi­
                <lb/>
              nes mouet in ſomnis aſſiduas, & minuit
                <lb/>
              ſomnium, ac memoriam auget. </s>
              <s id="s.004898">Palàm eſt
                <lb/>
              hoc facere ſiccitate maxima, quam habet:
                <lb/>
              magnitudo vt piſi non mediocris aut parui,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg689"/>
                <lb/>
              ſed magni: color ferrugineus in ſupremo
                <lb/>
              cum maculis ſanguineis cum nitore, duri­
                <lb/>
              tie maiore quàm achatis, in imo vt turbidi,
                <lb/>
              candidi oui: maculæ illæ ſanguineæ limacis
                <lb/>
              corticem repræſentant: vbi lapis eſt candi­
                <lb/>
              dior, pars quaſi tunicæ interioris oua intus
                <lb/>
              ſpectatur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004899">
                <margin.target id="marg688"/>
              Gemmæ quo­
                <lb/>
              modo imagi­
                <lb/>
              nes in ſomnis
                <lb/>
              oſtendant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004900">
                <margin.target id="marg689"/>
              Gemma in­
                <lb/>
              certi generis
                <lb/>
              mirabilis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004901">Simili cauſa amethyſtum referunt ſom­
                <lb/>
              nia mouere, vnde Chalam dicitur Hebraï­
                <lb/>
              cè, quod eſt ſomniare, teſte Rabbi Aben
                <lb/>
              Ezra. </s>
              <s id="s.004902">Quædam verò alia permutatione ſom­
                <lb/>
              nia mouent, vt onyx, cuius nomen vulgò
                <lb/>
              Nicolus, nam ſpiritum mutat & agitat: vel
                <lb/>
              pulchritudine alia id agunt, vt carbunculi,
                <lb/>
              opali, achates: quædam rurſus proprietate.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004903">Manifeſtum eſt igitur quatuor modis exci­
                <lb/>
              tari ſomnia à lapidibus: nam & ab aliis cau­
                <lb/>
              ſis ſi excitentur quam à lapidibus, in hæc
                <lb/>
              quatuor genera facilè rediguntur. </s>
              <s id="s.004904">Sic enim
                <lb/>
              vigiliæ, cùm ſomnus ſuccedit leuis, ob ſic­
                <lb/>
              citatem mouent imagines, & cepæ, caules,
                <lb/>
              ac ſinapis, ob vapores: & timor, gaudium,
                <lb/>
              viridiaria, amor, quia animum mouent:
                <lb/>
              & quæ ſpontè mouent, de quibus in primo
                <lb/>
              libro de Inſomniis diximus. </s>
              <s id="s.004905">Audaciam ve­
                <lb/>
              rò aut promptitudinem præſtare, vel igna­
                <lb/>
              uiam etiam, longè facilius quàm ſomnia
                <lb/>
              mouere. </s>
              <s id="s.004906">Et rurſus ſanguinem ſiſtere, aut
                <lb/>
              confirmare ventriculum, quemadmodum
                <lb/>
              Iaſpidem facere videmus, admiratione fer­
                <lb/>
              mè omni carere debet: quandoquidem ad
                <lb/>
              primas, aut ſecundas ſaltem qualitates hæc
                <lb/>
              referri poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004907">Atque hæ in nobis vires.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg690"/>
                <lb/>
              Porrò lapidum ſubſtantia dura, vtque durior
                <lb/>
              eò pretioſior, velut metallorum quò fuerit
                <lb/>
              magis ductilis, vnde inter metalla auro pre­
                <lb/>
              tium ſummum, & adamanti ſubſtantiæ ra­
                <lb/>
              tione: nam colore cedit carbunculo, opalo,
                <lb/>
              & ſmaragdo. </s>
              <s id="s.004908">Illud præcipuum adamanti,
                <lb/>
              quòd eius ramenta etiam ſunt pretioſa: nam
                <lb/>
              ſcrupulus ſex aureis coronatis venditur: du­
                <lb/>
              ritie enim omnes gemmas diuidit, cælaturæ
                <lb/>
              non tantùm commodus, ſed & neceſſarius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004909">Non ab alio fermè quàm à ſuo ſcobe atte­
                <lb/>
              ritur & expolitur Adamas, ob duritiem. </s>
              <s id="s.004910">Ma­
                <lb/>
              gnitudo eius vncia rariſſimè excedit. </s>
              <s id="s.004911">Indicio
                <lb/>
              eſt quidem, qui nunc Antuerpiæ habetur
                <lb/>
              ſexagies ſeſtertio, id eſt, aureis coronatis cen­
                <lb/>
              tum quinquaginta millibus æſtimatur: cùm
                <lb/>
              tamen ſctupulo ab vnciæ pondere deficiat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004912">Formatus & expolitus non minùs quàm qua­
                <lb/>
              tuor aureis talentis ex more, quamvis opera
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg691"/>
                <lb/>
              vix dimidij. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004913">
                <margin.target id="marg690"/>
              Lapides vt
                <lb/>
              duriores, me­
                <lb/>
              talla vt ma­
                <lb/>
              gis ductilia
                <lb/>
              pretioſiora.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004914">Adamas.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004915">
                <margin.target id="marg691"/>
              Cuſpis teli
                <lb/>
              puluere illi­
                <lb/>
              ta
                <expan abbr="adamãtis">adamantis</expan>
              ,
                <lb/>
              arma omnia
                <lb/>
              facilè perfo­
                <lb/>
              rat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004916">Eadem etiam cauſa referunt, quòd non
                <lb/>
              obſcuram habet rationem, cuſpidem illitam
                <lb/>
              puluere adamantis, ſeu teli ſit, ſeu ſariſſæ, aut
                <lb/>
              gladij, vel ſagittæ, facilè omnia arma, vt
                <lb/>
              loricam, galeámque poſſe traiicere: incaleſ­
                <lb/>
              cit enim ictuferrum ſeu chalybs, & obuium
                <lb/>
              ferrum penetrat. </s>
              <s id="s.004917">Hoc igitur & tenuitatis
                <lb/>
              ſummæ, & duritiei in adamante argumen­
                <lb/>
              tum ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.004918">Aliud, quòd maximè inter gemmas
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg692"/>
                <lb/>
              nitet expolitum. </s>
              <s id="s.004919">Tertium, quòd ignibus re­
                <lb/>
              ſiſtit vſque ad nonum diem omninò nihil
                <lb/>
              patiens: pòſt etiam ad multos dies illæſus
                <lb/>
              manet. </s>
              <s id="s.004920">Poſt illum carbunculus atque gra­
                <lb/>
              natus, ad quintum vſque diem perſeuerant
                <lb/>
              abſque moleſtia: nec tamen omnes, nec
                <lb/>
              ſemper: igitur hi poſt adamantem ignibus
                <lb/>
              minimè obnoxij, & ſubtilium maximè par­
                <lb/>
              tium: nam niſi tenuiſſimarum eſſent par­
                <lb/>
              tium, admitterent poros, per quos ingre­
                <lb/>
              diens ignis, vt demonſtratum eſt, facilè eos
                <lb/>
              diſſiparet. </s>
              <s id="s.004921">Adiuuat ad tenuitatem, & ſolidi­
                <lb/>
              tatem etiam ipſa frigiditas, vt hi lapides ig­
                <lb/>
              nibus maximè reſiſtant, quò ſit vt ſapphi­
                <lb/>
              rus, & ipſe non facilè ignibus cedat, & du­
                <lb/>
              rior ſit carbunculo, attamen tertius in ordine
                <lb/>
              eorum lapidum, qui iniuriæ ignis minimè
                <lb/>
              ob noxij ſint, collocetur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004922">
                <margin.target id="marg692"/>
              Gemmæ quæ
                <lb/>
              ignibus reſi­
                <lb/>
              ſtunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004923">Ergo ſi quis interrogat: In quibus ada­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg693"/>
                <lb/>
              mas a cryſtallo differt, cùm vterque niteat,
                <lb/>
              & coloris ſit candidi, vel potius aquei? </s>
              <s id="s.004924">di­
                <lb/>
              cemus nitorem adamantis eſſe viuacem &
                <lb/>
              robuſtum, vt non ſolùm niteat ac ſplendeat,
                <lb/>
              ſed rutilet ac micet: præterea ferro, vdo,
                <lb/>
              igne, vetuſtate, vſu impermutabilem eſſe,
                <lb/>
              quorum
                <expan abbr="nullũ">nullum</expan>
              cryſtallo conuenit celerrimè
                <lb/>
              ſeneſcenti. </s>
              <s id="s.004925">
                <expan abbr="Idẽ">Idem</expan>
              brachio ſiniſtro vt carnes
                <expan abbr="tã-">tan­
                  <lb/>
                </expan>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg694"/>
                <lb/>
              gat alligatus, nocturnos cohibet timores, vt
                <lb/>
              ſæpe ſum expertus. </s>
              <s id="s.004926">Fruſtra creditum eſt non
                <lb/>
              frangi ictu, cum malleolo in ſcobem redi­
                <lb/>
              gatur: paulò enim quod ad ictus attinet du­
                <lb/>
              rior eſt cryſtallo. </s>
              <s id="s.004927">Sed nec magnetem impe­
                <lb/>
              dit, quin ferrum trahat, quæ duo falſo illi
                <lb/>
              attributa ac toties refricata etiam à nouis
                <lb/>
              ſcriptoribus, vulgatáque paſſim quid aliud
                <lb/>
              quàm ingentem ſocordiam ſcriptorum ac te­
                <lb/>
              meritatem oſtendunt: nam temeritatis eſt
                <lb/>
              maximæ, ſcribere abſona, quæ non probaue­
                <lb/>
              ris: maioris vecordiæ, non experiri, quæ tam
                <lb/>
              facilè poſſit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004928">
                <margin.target id="marg693"/>
              Adamantis
                <lb/>
              & cryſtalli
                <lb/>
              differentia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004929">
                <margin.target id="marg694"/>
              Adamantis
                <lb/>
              vires.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004930">Virides verò gemmæ non ſolùm ſmarag­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg695"/>
                <lb/>
              dus, ſed & omnes aliæ, vt praſſius, & to­
                <lb/>
              pazius, ignibus obnoxiæ ac ſupra alias om­
                <lb/>
              nes ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004931">Cauſa eſt humoris ſemicocti abun­
                <lb/>
              dantia. </s>
              <s id="s.004932">Nam vt Philoſophus inquit, metal­
                <lb/>
              la ex humida exhalatione, lapides è ſicca
                <lb/>
              generantur: nutriuntur autem
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vtdiximus)
                <lb/>
              & clara ratione, cùm augeantur: quod enim
                <lb/>
              augetur non vt tophus, nutrire neceſſe eſt,
                <lb/>
              vt Galenus inquit. </s>
              <s id="s.004933">Vt verò generantur à
                <lb/>
              diuerſa exhalatione, ita colorem ac ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tiam ſuſcipiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004934">Fuſci igitur è terreo exuſto,
                <lb/>
              candidi è puro aëreo, aqueóve, virides è
                <lb/>
              copioſo humore, rubei à calore vehementi,
                <lb/>
              materia tamen minimè humida, cærulæi è
                <lb/>
              rubra ſubſtantia cùm alterius quàm par eſt
                <lb/>
              excoquitur, varij ex variis. </s>
              <s id="s.004935">Indicio eſt nu­
                <lb/>
              triri etiam, quòd naturam primam coloris
                <lb/>
              vndequaque ſeruent, velut & plantæ: quòd
                <lb/>
              ſi continua fieret acceſſio, varia ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tia illorum ſemper eſſet, cùm tamen va­
                <lb/>
              ria non ſit, niſi vel ob venas, vt etiam
                <lb/>
              in arboribus: vel ob naturam lapidis, vt in
                <lb/>
              achate. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004936">
                <margin.target id="marg695"/>
              Virides gem­
                <lb/>
              mæ omnes ob­
                <lb/>
              noxiæ igni­
                <lb/>
              bus & cur­
                <lb/>
              3. Meteorum
                <lb/>
              in fine.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.004937">De lapidum
                <lb/>
              generatione,
                <lb/>
              & cauſa co­
                <lb/>
              lorum eo­
                <lb/>
              rum. </s>
              <s id="s.004938">Libro
                <lb/>
              de medico­
                <lb/>
              rum nomi­
                <lb/>
              num expoſi­
                <lb/>
              tione vlti­
                <lb/>
              mo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004939">Sed hæc varietas etiam in plantis, vt in </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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