Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/112.jpg" pagenum="94"/>
              If the Situation offers all theſe Advantages, be
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              ſure to be the Firſt to lay hold of them; if
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              not, we muſt then conſider what Sort of Camp,
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              and what Kind of Situation will beſt anſwer
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              your Purpoſe. </s>
              <s>A ſtationary Camp ought to
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              be much better fortified than a Flying one:
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              And a Plain requires more Art and Diligence
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              to ſtrengthen it, than a Hill. </s>
              <s>We ſhall begin
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              with the moveable, or flying Camp, becauſe it
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              is much more frequently uſed than a ſtationary
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              one: And indeed, the frequent moving the
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              Camp, has very often conduced extremely to
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              the Health of the Army. </s>
              <s>In placing a Camp,
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              it is a Queſtion that naturally ariſes in the
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              Mind, whether it is beſt to fix it upon our
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              own Territory, or upon that of the Enemy.
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Xenophon
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              ſays, that by frequent changing our
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              Camp, our Enemy is oppreſſed, but our Friends
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              eaſed. </s>
              <s>Without doubt, it is honourable and
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              brave to lie upon the Enemy's Country; but
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              it is convenient and ſafe to be upon our own.
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              </s>
              <s>But indeed a Camp is, with regard to all the
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              Territory which is ſubject to it, what a Citadel
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              is to a City; which ought to have a ſhort and
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              eaſy Retreat towards its Friends, and an open
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              and ready Paſſage upon its Enemies. </s>
              <s>Laſtly,
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              in the fortifying of Camps various Methods
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              have been uſed. </s>
              <s>The
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              Britains
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              uſed to make a
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              Fence round their Camps with Stakes ten foot
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              long, ſharpened and burnt at the Ends, with
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              one End fixed in the Ground, and the other
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              ſtanding up to keep off the Enemy.
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              Cæſar
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              tells us, that the
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              Gauls
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              uſed to make a Ram­
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              part of their Waggons, as he ſays the
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              Thraci­
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              ans
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              alſo did againſt
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              Alexander.
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              </s>
              <s> The
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              Nervii
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              (or People of
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              Tournay
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              ) uſed to cut down young
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              Trees, and binding and interlacing the Boughs
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              together made them into a ſtrong Hedge,
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              which ſerved chiefly for keeping off the Horſe.
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Arrian
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              relates that when
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              Nearchus, Alexan­
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              der
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              's Admiral, ſailed along the
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              Indian
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              Sea, ha­
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              ving Occaſion to land, he ſurrounded his Camp
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              with a Wall to ſecure himſelf againſt the
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              Bar­
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              barians.
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              </s>
              <s> The
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              Romans
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              were always ſo well
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              provided, and had ſo much Foreſight, that
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              whatever happened they took care it ſhould
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              never be by their own Fault; and they uſed to
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              exerciſe their Soldiers no leſs in making In­
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              campments, than in the other Parts of the Mi­
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              litary Duty. </s>
              <s>Nor did they think there was ſo
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              much Merit in offending their Enemies, as in
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              ſecuring their own Men; and they accounted
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              it no ſmall Part of the Victory, to be able to
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              withſtand the Enemy, and to repulſe him ſo
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              ſtoutly as to make him Deſpair of Succeſs. </s>
              <s>For
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              which Reaſon they never neglected any Means
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              of Deſence that they could learn or invent for
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              their own Safety: And if high Hills or Preci­
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              pices were not to be had, they imitated them
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              as well as they could with very deep Ditches
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              and high Ramparts, emcompaſſed with ſtrong
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              Fences of Stakes and Hurdles.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. XI.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The moſt convenient Situation for a Camp, and its Size, Form and various
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              Parts; together with the different Methods of attacking and defending a
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              Camp or other Fortification.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>We ſhall here proceed further upon this
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              Subject of Camps according to the
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              Methods of the aforementioned Ancients. </s>
              <s>We
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              muſt take Care to pitch upon a Place not only
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              convenient, but ſo well adapted for whatever
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              Purpoſe we have in Hand, that none could be
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              found more ſuitable. </s>
              <s>And beſides the other
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              Advantages before recited, let the Soil be dry,
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              not muddy nor liable at any Time to be over­
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              flowed; but let the Situation be ſuch that it
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              may be always clear and free for your own
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              Men, and unfafe for the Enemy. </s>
              <s>Let there
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              be no foul Puddle in the Neighbourhood, and
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              let there be good Water at an eaſy Diſtance.
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              </s>
              <s>Contrive, if poſſible, to have ſome clear Springs
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              within the Camp itſelf, or to have the Foſs
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              filled with ſome River or running Stream. </s>
              <s>The
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              Camp ought not to be ſo large, out of Propor­
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              tion to the Number of your Soldiers, that they
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              cannot be able to keep ſufficient Centry about
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              it, ſo as to give the Watch-word round one to
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              another; or to relieve one another ſo often as
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              may be requiſite in defending the Ramparts:
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              Nor, on the Contrary, ought it to be ſo crampt
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              up and confined, as not to afford ſufficient
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              room for all proper Conveniencies.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Lycurgus
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              was of Opinion that Angles were uſeleſs in a
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              Camp, and therefore he always laid out his in
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              a Circle, unleſs he had ſome Hill, River or For­
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              tification at his Back. </s>
              <s>Others commend a </s>
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