Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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[Figure 91]
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[Figure 92]
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If the Situation offers all theſe Advantages, be
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ſure to be the Firſt to lay hold of them; if
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not, we muſt then conſider what Sort of Camp,
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and what Kind of Situation will beſt anſwer
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your Purpoſe. </
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<
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>A ſtationary Camp ought to
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be much better fortified than a Flying one:
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And a Plain requires more Art and Diligence
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to ſtrengthen it, than a Hill. </
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>We ſhall begin
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with the moveable, or flying Camp, becauſe it
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is much more frequently uſed than a ſtationary
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one: And indeed, the frequent moving the
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Camp, has very often conduced extremely to
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the Health of the Army. </
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>In placing a Camp,
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it is a Queſtion that naturally ariſes in the
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Mind, whether it is beſt to fix it upon our
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own Territory, or upon that of the Enemy.
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Xenophon
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ſays, that by frequent changing our
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Camp, our Enemy is oppreſſed, but our Friends
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eaſed. </
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>Without doubt, it is honourable and
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brave to lie upon the Enemy's Country; but
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it is convenient and ſafe to be upon our own.
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>But indeed a Camp is, with regard to all the
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Territory which is ſubject to it, what a Citadel
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is to a City; which ought to have a ſhort and
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eaſy Retreat towards its Friends, and an open
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and ready Paſſage upon its Enemies. </
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>Laſtly,
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in the fortifying of Camps various Methods
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have been uſed. </
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>The
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Britains
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uſed to make a
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Fence round their Camps with Stakes ten foot
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long, ſharpened and burnt at the Ends, with
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one End fixed in the Ground, and the other
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ſtanding up to keep off the Enemy.
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Cæſar
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tells us, that the
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Gauls
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uſed to make a Ram
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part of their Waggons, as he ſays the
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Thraci
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ans
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alſo did againſt
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Alexander.
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<
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Nervii
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(or People of
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Tournay
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) uſed to cut down young
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Trees, and binding and interlacing the Boughs
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together made them into a ſtrong Hedge,
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which ſerved chiefly for keeping off the Horſe.
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Arrian
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relates that when
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Nearchus, Alexan
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der
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's Admiral, ſailed along the
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Indian
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Sea, ha
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ving Occaſion to land, he ſurrounded his Camp
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with a Wall to ſecure himſelf againſt the
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Bar
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barians.
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<
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> The
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Romans
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were always ſo well
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provided, and had ſo much Foreſight, that
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whatever happened they took care it ſhould
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never be by their own Fault; and they uſed to
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exerciſe their Soldiers no leſs in making In
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campments, than in the other Parts of the Mi
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litary Duty. </
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>Nor did they think there was ſo
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much Merit in offending their Enemies, as in
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ſecuring their own Men; and they accounted
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it no ſmall Part of the Victory, to be able to
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withſtand the Enemy, and to repulſe him ſo
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ſtoutly as to make him Deſpair of Succeſs. </
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<
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>For
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which Reaſon they never neglected any Means
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of Deſence that they could learn or invent for
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their own Safety: And if high Hills or Preci
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pices were not to be had, they imitated them
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as well as they could with very deep Ditches
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and high Ramparts, emcompaſſed with ſtrong
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Fences of Stakes and Hurdles.</
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<
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>CHAP. XI.</
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The moſt convenient Situation for a Camp, and its Size, Form and various
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Parts; together with the different Methods of attacking and defending a
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Camp or other Fortification.
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<
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>We ſhall here proceed further upon this
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Subject of Camps according to the
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Methods of the aforementioned Ancients. </
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>We
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muſt take Care to pitch upon a Place not only
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convenient, but ſo well adapted for whatever
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Purpoſe we have in Hand, that none could be
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found more ſuitable. </
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>And beſides the other
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Advantages before recited, let the Soil be dry,
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not muddy nor liable at any Time to be over
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flowed; but let the Situation be ſuch that it
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may be always clear and free for your own
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Men, and unfafe for the Enemy. </
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>Let there
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be no foul Puddle in the Neighbourhood, and
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let there be good Water at an eaſy Diſtance.
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<
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>Contrive, if poſſible, to have ſome clear Springs
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within the Camp itſelf, or to have the Foſs
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filled with ſome River or running Stream. </
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<
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>The
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Camp ought not to be ſo large, out of Propor
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tion to the Number of your Soldiers, that they
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cannot be able to keep ſufficient Centry about
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it, ſo as to give the Watch-word round one to
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another; or to relieve one another ſo often as
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may be requiſite in defending the Ramparts:
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Nor, on the Contrary, ought it to be ſo crampt
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up and confined, as not to afford ſufficient
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room for all proper Conveniencies.
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Lycurgus
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was of Opinion that Angles were uſeleſs in a
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Camp, and therefore he always laid out his in
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a Circle, unleſs he had ſome Hill, River or For
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tification at his Back. </
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<
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