Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              in different Places, running from the Ground
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              quite up above the Roof, to confine the Flame,
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              if any ſhould happen, and prevent it catching
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              from one Roof to another. </s>
              <s>Marts ought to be
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              fixed by the Sea-ſidé, upon the Mouths of Ri­
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              vers, and the Meeting of ſeveral great Roads.
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              </s>
              <s>The Docks or Arſenals for Shipping ſhould
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              have large Baſons or Canals of Water, wherein
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              to receive ſuch Veſſels as want refitting, and
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              from which they may be conveniently launched
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              out again to Sea; but we ſhould take Care
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              that this Water be not a ſtanding one, but be
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              kept in conſtant Motion. </s>
              <s>Shipping is very
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              much rotted by ſoutherly Winds, and cracked
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              by the mid-day Heat; but the Aſpect of the
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              riſing Sun preſerves it. </s>
              <s>All Granaries, or other
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              Structures built for the laying up of Stores, ab­
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              ſolutely require a Drineſs both of Air and Si­
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              tuation. </s>
              <s>But we ſhall ſpeak more fully of
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              the Particulars, when we come to the Conve­
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              niencies belonging to private Perſons, to whoſe
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              uſe they are indeed referred; only we ſhall ſay
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              ſomething here of the Places for laying up Salt.
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              </s>
              <s>A Storehouſe for Salt ought to be made in the
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              following Manner. </s>
              <s>Make up the Ground
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              with a Layer of Coal to the Height of one
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              Cubit or Foot and an half, and ſtamp it down
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              very tight; then ſtrew it with Sand pounded
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              together with clean Chalk, to the Height of
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              three Hands breadths, and lay it exactly level;
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              and then pave it with ſquare Bricks baked till
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              they are quite black. </s>
              <s>The Face of the Walls
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              on the Inſide ought to be made of the ſame
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              Sort of Bricks; but if you have not a ſufficient
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              Quantity of them, you may build it with ſquare
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              Stone, not either with ſoft Stone or Flint, but
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              with ſome Stone of a middle Nature between
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              thoſe two, only very hard; and let this Sort of
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              Work go the Thickneſs of a Cubit into the
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              Wall; and then let the whole Inſide be lined
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              with Planks of Wood, faſtened with braſs Nails,
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              or rather joynted together without any Nails
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              at all, and fill up the intermediate Space be­
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              tween the Lining and the Wall, with Reeds.
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              </s>
              <s>It would alſo have a mighty good Effect to
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              dawb over the Planks with Chalk ſteeped in
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              Lees of Oil, and mixed with Spart and Ruſhes
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              ſhred ſmall. </s>
              <s>Laſtly, all publick Buildings of
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              this Nature ought to be well fortified with
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              ſtout Walls, Towers, and Ammunition, againſt
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              all Manner of Force, Malice, or Fraud either
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              of Robbers, Enemies or ſeditious Citizens. </s>
              <s>I
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              think I have now ſaid enough of publick
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              Structures, unleſs it may be thought neceſſary
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              to conſider of one Particular more which con­
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              cerns the Magiſtrate, and that not a little;
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              namely, that it is neceſſary he ſhould have
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              Places for the Confinement of ſuch as he has
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              condemned either for Contumacy, Treachery
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              or Villany. </s>
              <s>I obſerve that the Ancients had
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              three Sorts of Priſons. </s>
              <s>The firſt was that
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              wherein they kept the Diſorderly and the Igno­
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              rant, to the Intent that every Night they might
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              be doctored and inſtructed by learned and able
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              Profeſſors of the beſt Arts, in thoſe Points
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              which related to good Manners and an honeſt
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              Life. </s>
              <s>The Second was for the Confinement
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              of Debtors, and for the Reformation of ſuch
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              as were got into a licentious Way of Living.
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              </s>
              <s>The laſt was for the moſt wicked Wretches and
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              horrid Profligates, unworthy of the Light of the
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              Sun or the Society of Mankind, and ſoon to be
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              delivered over to capital Puniſhment or perpe­
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              tual Impriſonment and Miſery. </s>
              <s>If any Man is
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              of Opinion that this laſt Sort of Priſon ought
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              to be made like ſome ſubterraneous Cavern, or
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              frightful Sepulchre, he has certainly a greater
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              Regard to the Puniſhment of the Criminal than
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              is agreeable either to the Deſign of the Law or
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              to Humanity; and though wicked Men do by
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              their Crimes deſerve the higheſt Puniſhment,
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              yet the Prince or Commonwealth ought never
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              to forget Mercy in the Midſt of Juſtice. </s>
              <s>There­
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              fore let it be ſufficient to make this Sort of
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              Buildings very ſtrong and ſecure, with ſtout
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              Walls, Roofs and Apertures, that the Perſon
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              confined may have no Means of making his
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              Eſcape; which may in a great Meaſure be ob­
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              tained, by the Thickneſs, Depth and Height of
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              the Walls, and their being built with very hard
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              and large Stones, joyned together with Pins of
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              Iron or Braſs. </s>
              <s>To this you may, if you pleaſe,
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              add Windows grated with ſtrong Bars of Iron
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              or Wood; though in reality nothing of this Sort
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              whatſoever can fully ſecure a Priſoner always
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              thoughtful of his Liberty and Safety, nor pre­
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              vent his making his Eſcape, if you let him uſe
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              the Strength which Nature and Cunning have
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              beſtowed upon him, and on which Account
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              there is an excellent Admonition contained in
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              this Saying, that the vigilant Eye of a Goaler is
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              a Priſon of Adamant. </s>
              <s>But in other Reſpects,
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              let us follow the Method and Cuſtoms of the
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              Ancients. </s>
              <s>We muſt remember that in a Pri­
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              ſon there muſt be Privies and Hearths for Fire,
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              which ought to be contrived to be without
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              either Smoake or ill Smells. </s>
              <s>the following
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              Plan of an entire Priſon may anſwer all the a­
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              forementioned Purpoſes. </s>
              <s>Encloſe with very
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              high and ſtrong Walls, without any Apertures, </s>
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