Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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a Space of Ground in ſome ſecure and not un
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frequented Part of the City, and fortify it with
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Towers and Galleries. </
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<
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>From this Wall in
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wards the Apartments where the Priſoners are
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to be confined, let there be an open Walk
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about four Foot and an half wide, where the
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Keepers may take their Rounds every Night
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to prevent any Eſcapes by Conſpiracy among the
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Priſoners. </
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<
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>The Space remaining in the Mid
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dle of this Circuit divide in the following Man
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ner. </
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<
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>Inſtead of a Veſtibule make a good plea
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ſant Hall, where thoſe may be inſtructed who
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are ſent thither in order to be forced to learn
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how to demean themſelves. </
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<
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>Next to this Hall,
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make Habitations for the Goalers and Places
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for them to keep guard in, within an Encloſure
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of Lattices and Croſs-bars. </
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<
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>Next let there be
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an open Court, with Porticoes on each Side of
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it, with Windows in them, through which you
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may ſee into all the Cells within; in which
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Cells Bankrupts and Debtors are to be confin
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ed, not all together, but in different Apart
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ments. </
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<
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>In the Front of this Court there muſt
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be a cloſer Priſon, for ſuch as are guilty of
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ſmall Offences, and beyond that a Place where
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Priſoners for capital Crimes may be confined
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with yet greater Strictneſs and Privacy.</
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>CHAP. XIV.</
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Of private Houſes and their Differences; as alſo of the Country Houſe, and
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the Rules to be obſerved in its Situation and Structure.
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<
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>I now come to treat of private Edifices. </
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<
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>I
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have already obſerved elſewhere, that a
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Houſe is a little City. </
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>We are therefore in the
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building of it, to have an Eye almoſt to every
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Thing that relates to the Building of a City;
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that it be healthy, furniſhed with all Manner
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of Neceſſaries, not defficient in any of the Con
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veniencies that conduce to the Repoſe, Tran
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quility or Delicacy of Life. </
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>What thoſe are
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and how they are to be obtained, I think I have
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already, in a great Meaſure, ſhewn in the pre
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ceding Books. </
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>However, as the Occaſion here
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is different, we ſhall conſider them over again
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in the following Manner. </
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>A private Houſe is
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manifeſtly deſigned for the Uſe of a Family,
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to which it ought to be a uſeful and conveni
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ent Abode. </
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>It will not be ſo convenient as it
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ought, if it has not every Thing within itſelf
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that the Family has Occaſion for. </
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<
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>There is a
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great Number of Perſons and Things in a Fa
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mily, which you cannot diſtribute as you would
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in a City ſo well as you can in the Country.
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<
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>In building a Houſe in Town, your Neigh
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bour's Wall, a common Gutter, a publick
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Square or Street, and the like, ſhall all hinder
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you from contriving it juſt to your own Mind;
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which is not ſo in the Country, where you have
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as much Freedom as you have Obſtruction in
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Town. </
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<
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>For this, and other Reaſons, there
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fore, I ſhall diſtinguiſh the Matter thus: That
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the Habitation for a private Perſon muſt be
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different in Town from what it is in the Coun
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try. </
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<
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>In both theſe there muſt again be a Dif
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ference between thoſe which are for the meaner
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Sort of Citizens, and thoſe which are for the
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Rich. </
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<
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>The meaner Sort build only for Ne
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ceſſity; but the Rich for Pleaſure and Delight.
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<
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>I ſhall ſet down ſuch Rules as the Modeſty of
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the wiſeſt Men may approve of in all Sorts of
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Buildings, and for that Purpoſe ſhall begin
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with thoſe which are moſt eaſy. </
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<
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>Habitations
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in the Country are the freeſt from all Obſtruc
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tions, and therefore People are more inclined to
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beſtow their Expence in the Country than in
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Town. </
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<
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>We ſhall therefore firſt take a Review
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of ſome Obſervations which we have already
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made, and which are very material with Re
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lation to the chief Uſes of a Country Houſe.
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<
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>They are as follows: We ſhould carefully avoid
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a bad Air and an ill Soil. </
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<
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>We ſhould build
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in the Middle of an open Champian, under the
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Shelter of ſome Hill, where there is Plenty of
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Water, and pleaſant Proſpects, and in the
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healthieſt Part of a healthy Country. </
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<
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>A heavy
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unhealthy Air is ſaid to be occaſioned not on
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ly by thoſe Inconveniencies which we mention
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ed in the firſt Book, but alſo by thick Woods,
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eſpecially if they are full of Trees with bitter
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Leaves; becauſe the Air in ſuch Places being
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not kept in Motion either by Sun or Winds,
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wants its due Concoction; it is alſo occaſioned
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by a barren and unwholſome Soil, which will
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never produce any Thing but Woods. </
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<
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>A
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Country Houſe ought to ſtand in ſuch a Place
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as may lie moſt convenient for the Owner's
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Houſe in Town.
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Xenophon
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would have a Man </
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