Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005245">
                <pb pagenum="471" xlink:href="016/01/120.jpg"/>
              aëris non parum, qui intrò latens, multò le­
                <lb/>
              uiores eos reddit, iidem excocti, aërêque re­
                <lb/>
              ſoluto grauiores efficiuntur, quamque humi­
                <lb/>
              dum abſumptum ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.005246">Etenin ſi pluſquàm par
                <lb/>
              ſit torreantur, ferro ſimiles colore, pondere,
                <lb/>
              duritiéque euadunt: ſed cùm minores fiant,
                <lb/>
              autoritati Leonardi Iacchini inniti cogor.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005247">An verò paruitas illa fiat grauitatis & colo­
                <lb/>
              ris cauſa eadem eſſe poteſt: prauitas pro ra­
                <lb/>
              tione materiæ, at paruitas ipſa fit coacto
                <lb/>
              per vim, & liqueſcente terra, quæ metal­
                <lb/>
              licum quid retinet, vnde fermè ſemper plus
                <lb/>
              quàm par ſit excocti inflectuntur, atque in­
                <lb/>
              curuatur. </s>
              <s id="s.005248">Illud verò magna dubitatione di­
                <lb/>
              gnum, cur intermiſſo igne in fornacibus, vel
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg748"/>
                <lb/>
              breui momento lateres frangantur. </s>
              <s id="s.005249">Id verò
                <lb/>
              non ſemper, ſed cùm calor immodicus igne
                <lb/>
              ceſſante contrahitur frangit lateres. </s>
              <s id="s.005250">Ideò
                <lb/>
              cùm denuò accenditur etiam frangit: nam
                <lb/>
              quæ iam ſicca ſunt, cùm nouo calore fer­
                <lb/>
              uent, diſrumpuntur: ſicut de viro patet. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005251">
                <margin.target id="marg747"/>
              Later crudus
                <lb/>
              dum exco­
                <lb/>
              quitur pon­
                <lb/>
              dere auge­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005252">
                <margin.target id="marg748"/>
              Lateres in­
                <lb/>
              termiſſo in
                <lb/>
              fornacibus
                <lb/>
              igne ſran­
                <lb/>
              guntur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005253">Cauſa eſt, quoniam antequàm liqueſcat,
                <lb/>
              & molliatur quod durum eſt, flatu diſtenden­
                <lb/>
              te rumpitur. </s>
              <s id="s.005254">Ob eam igitur inæqualitatem
                <lb/>
              magna iactura figulis. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005255">Nec verò, vt ad primum reuertar in­
                <lb/>
              ſtitutum, gemmas ſolùm ars fabricat adul­
                <lb/>
              terinas, ſed & lapides atque etiam cotes.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg749"/>
                <lb/>
              Ex Smiri primò cotes fiunt, quæ gemmas
                <lb/>
              atterunt, & ex Geode geodes, & ex co­
                <lb/>
              tibus alijs cotes ſui generis: teruntur tenui­
                <lb/>
              ter ſingula horum, provt libuerit aliquid
                <lb/>
              conficere tale, & candido oui, oleo lini,
                <lb/>
              & l iuniperi lachryma excipiuntur, ſiccantúr­
                <lb/>
              que ſub arena. </s>
              <s id="s.005256">Fit & lithoſtroton, quo pa­
                <lb/>
              uimenta templorum figuris variantur ho­
                <lb/>
              minum, ferarum arborúmque, vt Conſtan­
                <lb/>
              tinopoli in æde Sapientiæ, Venetiis beati
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg750"/>
                <lb/>
              Marci, & Florentiæ beati Ioannis Baptiſtæ:
                <lb/>
              aut muri, vt Mediolani in æde beati Lau­
                <lb/>
              rentij, ex fruſtulis lapidum diuerſorum co­
                <lb/>
              lorum, albis, rubris, cæruleis, viridibus, ni­
                <lb/>
              gris, glutino tenaci inuicem iunctis, vt non
                <lb/>
              ſolam formam, ſed & colorem imagines
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg751"/>
                <lb/>
              referant. </s>
              <s id="s.005257">Fit Maltha perpetua pro hoc ope­
                <lb/>
              re ex calce & ſuillo adipe, vel pice, aut oui
                <lb/>
              candido: hæc præcipuè aquis reſiſtit, vnde
                <lb/>
              etiam canales producendis aquis iunguntur
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg752"/>
                <lb/>
              ea. </s>
              <s id="s.005258">Alia ad eundem vſum optima, conſtat
                <lb/>
              calce, oui candido, oleo, ferri ſcobe, ma­
                <lb/>
              rinis vmbilicis: ac canales ipſi fiunt ex li­
                <lb/>
              gnis abietis, vel alni, aut piceæ, vel picea­
                <lb/>
              ſtri: habent enim hæc ligna humidum pin­
                <lb/>
              gue valde & calidum, vnde aquarum iniu­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg753"/>
                <lb/>
              riis maximè reſiſtunt. </s>
              <s id="s.005259">Fiunt & è plumbo,
                <lb/>
              ſed optimi atque æterni ex ære. </s>
              <s id="s.005260">Pro regula
                <lb/>
              enim haberi poteſt, quòd omnia quæ ignis
                <lb/>
              iuſtò plus exuſſit, vt carbones, æs, ſulphur,
                <lb/>
              ab aqua nunquam, etiamſi millibus anno­
                <lb/>
              rum in ea perſiſterent, corrumpuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.005261">Sed ad
                <lb/>
              iungendos lapides, aut marmoris fragmenta
                <lb/>
              Maltha ſufficit, ex puluere marmoris, & oui
                <lb/>
              candido, aut pice confecta. </s>
              <s id="s.005262">Palàm igitur eſt,
                <lb/>
              cur aliqua in aquis incorrupta maneant, &
                <lb/>
              quæ: alia tamen ob denſitatem aquarum
                <lb/>
              iniuriæ obnoxia minimè ſunt, ſed tamen in
                <lb/>
              illis cortex corrumpitur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005263">
                <margin.target id="marg749"/>
              Cotes adul­
                <lb/>
              terinæ quæ
                <lb/>
              gemmas at­
                <lb/>
              terunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005264">
                <margin.target id="marg750"/>
              Lithoſtroton.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005265">
                <margin.target id="marg751"/>
              Maltha pe­
                <lb/>
              rennis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005266">
                <margin.target id="marg752"/>
              Aquarum
                <lb/>
              ductus è
                <lb/>
              quibus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005267">
                <margin.target id="marg753"/>
              Omnis mate­
                <lb/>
              ria in
                <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>
                <lb/>
              plus iuſtò
                <lb/>
              agit ignis
                <lb/>
              armarum in
                <lb/>
              iuriis perpe­
                <lb/>
              tuò reſiſtet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005268">Sed his relictis ad gemmarum hiſtoriam
                <lb/>
              redeo. </s>
              <s id="s.005269">Cùm verò de his dictum abundè ſit,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſub terra & in aquis
                <emph type="italics"/>
              ;
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              aut inter lapi­
                <lb/>
              des concreſcunt, nunc de his quæ in ani­
                <lb/>
              malibus naſcuntur ſermo habendus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005270">Et
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg754"/>
                <lb/>
              quamuis gemmas veras in animalibus inue­
                <lb/>
              niri poſſe credatur, nullam tamen veram
                <lb/>
              gemmam è corpore animalis alicuius detra­
                <lb/>
              ctam ad hanc vſque diem vidi: raráſque
                <lb/>
              omninò eſſe oportet illas, quòd à frigore
                <lb/>
              concreſcant. </s>
              <s id="s.005271">Indicio eſt à frigore gemmas
                <lb/>
              concreſcere: primùm, quòd inter lapides &
                <lb/>
              locis frigidiſſimis oriantur. </s>
              <s id="s.005272">Deinde, quòd
                <lb/>
              etiam à frigore ſeruentur, à calore debili­
                <lb/>
              tentur, & vitientur: aquea etiam ſubſtantia
                <lb/>
              non niſi gelu concreta ſplendet, velut in
                <lb/>
              glacie: at gemmæ omnes nitent, pleræque
                <lb/>
              etiam perſpicuæ ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.005273">
                <expan abbr="Molleſcũt">Molleſcunt</expan>
              etiam igni­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg755"/>
                <lb/>
              bus, adeò vt poſſint perforari: vt adamas alię
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
              magis,
                <expan abbr="quædã">quædam</expan>
              etiam liqueſcunt: molleſ­
                <lb/>
              cit & liquatur, ſed difficillimè, hyacinthus,
                <lb/>
              facilè verò cryſtallus. </s>
              <s id="s.005274">Eſt etiam frigiditatis
                <lb/>
              omnium lapidum argentum haud dubium,
                <lb/>
              & ſi reliqua deeſſent, cactus ipſe. </s>
              <s id="s.005275">Ergo ſi fri­
                <lb/>
              gore concreſcunt lapides, gemmæ autem vt
                <lb/>
              duriores maiore, nihil mirum eſt non gene­
                <lb/>
              rari gemmas in animalibus, vbi nihil eſſe
                <lb/>
              poteſt frigidiſſimum. </s>
              <s id="s.005276">Sed ſi omninò gene­
                <lb/>
              ratur aliquis lapis, qualis Alectorius, ſi gem­
                <lb/>
              ma ſit, aut vires habeat, vita carere non po­
                <lb/>
              teſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005277">Gemma enim quòd durior ſit, cùm li­
                <lb/>
              ma haud tangatur, calore concreſcere non
                <lb/>
              poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005278">Quòd verò frigore fit impenetrabile,
                <lb/>
              viuere neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005279">Non igitur dura poteſt
                <lb/>
              eſſe in animali gemma, nam non tam li­
                <lb/>
              quido humore nutriri poſſet, quale eſt id
                <lb/>
              quod in animali ſecernitur: neque mollis,
                <lb/>
              quia gemma non eſſet, imò neque lapis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005280">Ab initio igitur per ſpiritum & humorem
                <lb/>
              gemmam viuere neceſſe eſt, atque mollem
                <lb/>
              ob id eſſe: inde paulatim hebetata vita, ve­
                <lb/>
              lut in vteri mola concreſcere calore, donec
                <lb/>
              adeò dura reddatur, vt non poſſit amplius
                <lb/>
              augeri: tunc verò frigore concreſcere, do­
                <lb/>
              nec extracta, vel mertuo animali abſolua­
                <lb/>
              tur: nam eo viuente, perfici & perfectè du­
                <lb/>
              reſcere non poteſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005281">
                <margin.target id="marg754"/>
              Cur verè
                <lb/>
              gemmæ ra­
                <lb/>
              riſſima in
                <lb/>
              animalibus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005282">
                <margin.target id="marg755"/>
              Lapides om­
                <lb/>
              nes frigore
                <lb/>
              concreſcere,
                <lb/>
              quinque ra­
                <lb/>
              tionibus
                <lb/>
              oſtenditur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005283">Precioſiſſima autem, quod ſciam, ex his
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg756"/>
                <lb/>
              eſt margarita, quæ corticibus quibuſdam
                <lb/>
              conſtat rotundis. </s>
              <s id="s.005284">Naſcuntur ex conchyliis
                <lb/>
              rotundis nobiliores, ſed tamen minus ro­
                <lb/>
              tundæ: aliæ ignobiles rotundæ ex oblon­
                <lb/>
              gis, quaſi contraria ratione. </s>
              <s id="s.005285">Striatum ge­
                <lb/>
              nus conchyliorum vtrumque, & in imo ma­
                <lb/>
              ri moram ducens. </s>
              <s id="s.005286">Fabuloſum itaque eas ex
                <lb/>
              cœli rore concipere. </s>
              <s id="s.005287">Ignobile margarita­
                <lb/>
              rum genus ex Nacaronibus (ſic enim oſtrea
                <lb/>
              vocant longa) ſeu melius dicam conchylia,
                <lb/>
              quòd ſtriata ſint, naſcitur. </s>
              <s id="s.005288">Seneſcit celerri­
                <lb/>
              mè margarita, nec in hoc lapidibus ſimilis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005289">Mittit Indicum mare Boreale iuxta Cuba­
                <lb/>
              gua inſulam, auſtrale iuxta Terarequi: naſ­
                <lb/>
              cuntur & aliis pluribus locis. </s>
              <s id="s.005290">Maxima laus
                <lb/>
              eſt in candore, ſplendore, ac rotundita­
                <lb/>
              te. </s>
              <s id="s.005291">Inuenitur in conchyliis, oſtreiſve iuxta
                <lb/>
              Britanniam,
                <expan abbr="frequẽtior">frequentior</expan>
              in Indico mari. </s>
              <s id="s.005292">Vna
                <lb/>
              in theca plurimæ ſunt margaritæ,
                <expan abbr="tũ">tum</expan>
              maximè
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="minimarũ">minimarum</expan>
              , vnde harum copia ſuprà
                <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan>
              : ma­
                <lb/>
              gnæ raræ ſunt: quæ vitio careant: & magnæ,
                <lb/>
              ſunt rariſſimæ
                <emph type="italics"/>
              :
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              repurgant
                <expan abbr="ſanguinẽ">ſanguinem</expan>
              , tenuem­
                <lb/>
              que habent
                <expan abbr="ſubſtantiã">ſubſtantiam</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.005293">Sed colos eis vt pſeu-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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