1other People be ſo diſtributed, that every one
may be near thoſe Things which are under his
particular Care. Let the Overſeer lie near the
principal Gate, that nobody may paſs and re
paſs or carry any Thing out in the Night with
out his Knowledge. Let thoſe who have the
Care of the Cattle, lie near the Stable, that
they may be always at Hand to keep every
Thing in good Order. And this may be ſuf
ficient with Relation to your People. Of
Tools or Inſtruments, ſome are animate, as
Cattle; and ſome inanimate, as Carts, all Sorts
of iron Tools, and the like; for theſe erect on
one Side of the Kitchen a large Shed under
which you may ſet your Cart, Plough, Har
row, Yoke, Hay-baskets, and the like Utenſils;
and let this Shed have a South Aſpect, that in
Winter Time the Family may divert themſelves
under it on Holydays. Make a very large
and neat Place for your Preſſes both of Wine
and Oil. Let there be alſo a Store-houſe for
the laying up and preſerving your Meaſures,
Hampers, Baskets, Cordage, Houghs, Pitch
forks and ſo forth. Over the Rafters that run
acroſs within the Shed, you may ſpread Hur
dles, and upon them you may lay up Poles,
Rods, Staves, Boughs, Leaves and Fodder for
your Oxen, Hemp and Flax unwrought, and
ſuch like Stores. Cattle is of two Sorts; one,
for Labour; as Oxen and Horſes; the other,
for Profit, as Hogs, Sheep, Goats, and all Sorts
of Herds. We ſhall ſpeak firſt of the labour
ing Sort, becauſe they ſeem to come under the
Head of Inſtruments; and afterwards we ſhall
ſay ſomething of thoſe which are for Profit,
which belong properly to the Induſtry of your
Overſeer or Farmer. Let the Stables for Horſes,
and for Oxen, and all other black Cattle, be
warm in Winter, and let their Racks be ſtrong
and well fenced, that they may not ſcatter their
Meat. Let the Hay for the Horſes be above
them, that they may not reach it without ſome
Pains, and that they may be forced to raiſe
their Heads high for it, which makes their
Heads drier and their Shoulders lighter. On
the Contrary, let their Oats and other Grain
lie ſo as they may be forced to ſtoop low for
it; which will prevent their taking too large
Mouthfuls, and ſwallowing too much whole;
beſides that it will ſtrengthen their Breaſt and
Muſcles. But above all you muſt take parti
cular Care that the Wall behind the Manger,
againſt which the Horſe's Head is to ſtand, be
not damp. The Bone which covers the Horſe's
Brain is ſo thin, that it will bear neither Damp
nor Cold; and therefore take Care alſo that the
Moon's Beams do not come in at the Win
dows; which are very apt to make him Wall
eyed and to give him grievous Coughs; and
indeed the Moon's Beams are as bad as a Peſ
tilence to any Cattle that are infirm. Let the
Oxe's Manger be ſet lower, that he may eat as
he lyes. If Horſes ſee the Fire, they are pro
digiouſly frightened and will grow rugged.
Oxen are pleaſed with the Sight of Men. If a
Mule is ſet up in a hot or dark Place, ſhe runs
Mad. Some think the Mule does not want ſo
much as the leaſt Shelter for any other Part
but her Head, and that it is not at all the
Worſe if her other Parts are expoſed to Dews
and Colds. Let the Ground under the Oxen
be paved with Stone, that the Filth and Dung
may not rot their Hoofs. Under Horſes, make
a Trench in the Pavement, and cover it with
Planks of Holm or Oak, that their Urine may
not ſettle under them, and that by their pawing
they may not ſpoil both their Hoofs and the
Pavement.
may be near thoſe Things which are under his
particular Care. Let the Overſeer lie near the
principal Gate, that nobody may paſs and re
paſs or carry any Thing out in the Night with
out his Knowledge. Let thoſe who have the
Care of the Cattle, lie near the Stable, that
they may be always at Hand to keep every
Thing in good Order. And this may be ſuf
ficient with Relation to your People. Of
Tools or Inſtruments, ſome are animate, as
Cattle; and ſome inanimate, as Carts, all Sorts
of iron Tools, and the like; for theſe erect on
one Side of the Kitchen a large Shed under
which you may ſet your Cart, Plough, Har
row, Yoke, Hay-baskets, and the like Utenſils;
and let this Shed have a South Aſpect, that in
Winter Time the Family may divert themſelves
under it on Holydays. Make a very large
and neat Place for your Preſſes both of Wine
and Oil. Let there be alſo a Store-houſe for
the laying up and preſerving your Meaſures,
Hampers, Baskets, Cordage, Houghs, Pitch
forks and ſo forth. Over the Rafters that run
acroſs within the Shed, you may ſpread Hur
dles, and upon them you may lay up Poles,
Rods, Staves, Boughs, Leaves and Fodder for
your Oxen, Hemp and Flax unwrought, and
ſuch like Stores. Cattle is of two Sorts; one,
for Labour; as Oxen and Horſes; the other,
for Profit, as Hogs, Sheep, Goats, and all Sorts
of Herds. We ſhall ſpeak firſt of the labour
ing Sort, becauſe they ſeem to come under the
Head of Inſtruments; and afterwards we ſhall
ſay ſomething of thoſe which are for Profit,
which belong properly to the Induſtry of your
Overſeer or Farmer. Let the Stables for Horſes,
and for Oxen, and all other black Cattle, be
warm in Winter, and let their Racks be ſtrong
and well fenced, that they may not ſcatter their
Meat. Let the Hay for the Horſes be above
them, that they may not reach it without ſome
Pains, and that they may be forced to raiſe
their Heads high for it, which makes their
Heads drier and their Shoulders lighter. On
the Contrary, let their Oats and other Grain
lie ſo as they may be forced to ſtoop low for
it; which will prevent their taking too large
Mouthfuls, and ſwallowing too much whole;
beſides that it will ſtrengthen their Breaſt and
Muſcles. But above all you muſt take parti
cular Care that the Wall behind the Manger,
againſt which the Horſe's Head is to ſtand, be
not damp. The Bone which covers the Horſe's
Brain is ſo thin, that it will bear neither Damp
nor Cold; and therefore take Care alſo that the
Moon's Beams do not come in at the Win
dows; which are very apt to make him Wall
eyed and to give him grievous Coughs; and
indeed the Moon's Beams are as bad as a Peſ
tilence to any Cattle that are infirm. Let the
Oxe's Manger be ſet lower, that he may eat as
he lyes. If Horſes ſee the Fire, they are pro
digiouſly frightened and will grow rugged.
Oxen are pleaſed with the Sight of Men. If a
Mule is ſet up in a hot or dark Place, ſhe runs
Mad. Some think the Mule does not want ſo
much as the leaſt Shelter for any other Part
but her Head, and that it is not at all the
Worſe if her other Parts are expoſed to Dews
and Colds. Let the Ground under the Oxen
be paved with Stone, that the Filth and Dung
may not rot their Hoofs. Under Horſes, make
a Trench in the Pavement, and cover it with
Planks of Holm or Oak, that their Urine may
not ſettle under them, and that by their pawing
they may not ſpoil both their Hoofs and the
Pavement.
CHAP. XVI.
That the Induſtry of the Farmer or Overſeer ought to be employed as well about
all Sorts of Animals, as about the Fruits of the Earth; as alſo of the Con
ſtruction of the Threſhing-floor.
all Sorts of Animals, as about the Fruits of the Earth; as alſo of the Con
ſtruction of the Threſhing-floor.
We ſhall juſt briefly mention that the
Induſtry of the Overſeer, is not only
to be employed about gathering in the Fruits
of the Earth, but alſo about the Management
and Improvement of Cattle, Fowls, Fiſh and
other Animals. Set the Stalls for Cattle in a
dry Place, and never in a Damp one; clear
away every little Stone from under them, and
make them with a Slope, that you may eaſily
ſweep and clean them; let one Part of them
be covered, and the other open, and take Care
that no ſoutherly or other moiſt Wind can af
fect the Cattle in the Night, and that they be
ſheltered from all other troubleſome Blaſts.
Induſtry of the Overſeer, is not only
to be employed about gathering in the Fruits
of the Earth, but alſo about the Management
and Improvement of Cattle, Fowls, Fiſh and
other Animals. Set the Stalls for Cattle in a
dry Place, and never in a Damp one; clear
away every little Stone from under them, and
make them with a Slope, that you may eaſily
ſweep and clean them; let one Part of them
be covered, and the other open, and take Care
that no ſoutherly or other moiſt Wind can af
fect the Cattle in the Night, and that they be
ſheltered from all other troubleſome Blaſts.
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