Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005293">
                <pb pagenum="472" xlink:href="016/01/121.jpg"/>
              doopalo, ſcilicet qui ex aſpectu mutetur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005294">Cauſa iam dicta eſt, nam corticibus con­
                <lb/>
              ſtant margaritæ, quæ ſuperficie vna politæ
                <lb/>
              ſunt, altera rudes. </s>
              <s id="s.005295">Experimentum ſume plu­
                <lb/>
              ribus ſpeculis ſimul iunctis eodem ordine,
                <lb/>
              ita vt nitida ſuperficies tegat rudem alterius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005296">Inde ſi paruas eas finxeris, atque adeò te­
                <lb/>
              nues, vt ſolùm ſcabrum non diuiſum, aut
                <lb/>
              varium corpus efficiant, intelliges tandem
                <lb/>
              qua de cauſa aſpectus ratio colorem, ac
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg757"/>
                <lb/>
              ſplendorem mutet. </s>
              <s id="s.005297">Colos tamen margaritæ
                <lb/>
              plerunque eſt candidus, nitidus, modicè fuſ­
                <lb/>
              cus: hunc à ſuis conchyliis mutuantur. </s>
              <s id="s.005298">Non
                <lb/>
              abſimilis hic eſt cochleis, quas India ( vt di­
                <lb/>
              cunt ) mittit. </s>
              <s id="s.005299">De colore, forma ac ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tia dicere poſſum, quòd eas viderim ſæpiùs
                <lb/>
              vnde veniant, non ſat dicere poſſum. </s>
              <s id="s.005300">Eſt
                <lb/>
              igitur forma triremis cùm alta puppi, in qua
                <lb/>
              vaſculum aliud, diceres poculum à natura
                <lb/>
              excogitatum, nam & magnitudo tanta eſt
                <lb/>
              eius quam vidi, vt facilè cotylam capiat,
                <lb/>
              res profectò vſus elegantiſſimi, & pulcher­
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              rimæ formæ, conſtat eſſe nautilum. </s>
              <s id="s.005301">Eſt &
                <lb/>
              limacis concha margaritarum conchis,
                <expan abbr="quã-tò">quan­
                  <lb/>
                tò</expan>
              Indicus aër, ac terra, tum aqua, noſtris
                <lb/>
              elementis ſunt præſtantiora: multorum enim
                <lb/>
              ſeculorum curſus meliores euadunt.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg758"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005302">
                <margin.target id="marg756"/>
              Margarita.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005303">
                <margin.target id="marg757"/>
              Cochlea
                <lb/>
              Indica.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005304">
                <margin.target id="marg758"/>
              Borax.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005305">Borax, inuenitur ) vt aiunt ) in capi­
                <lb/>
              te bufonis ſenis ac magni. </s>
              <s id="s.005306">Braſauolus re­
                <lb/>
              fert, in capite illius animalis inueniſſe,
                <lb/>
              eſſéque os potius quàm lapidem. </s>
              <s id="s.005307">Duplex
                <lb/>
              eſt, cauus oſſique perſimilis, colore fuſ­
                <lb/>
              co pallente, & alter qui in oſſe lapidem
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              continet: verùm os capitis eſt, vt Braſa­
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              uolus refert, quod vetuſtate concreſcit,
                <lb/>
              quia terra alitur. </s>
              <s id="s.005308">Sed vires non noui: ad­
                <lb/>
              uerſus calculum valere putant, ego incer­
                <lb/>
              tus ſum, an prohibeat lapidis generationem:
                <lb/>
              at omninò prohibere non poteſt, neque om­
                <lb/>
              nis: an verò aliquis retardet, dignum dubi­
                <lb/>
              tatione eſt.
                <arrow.to.target n="marg759"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005309">
                <margin.target id="marg759"/>
              Limacius.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005310">Limacius lapis in capite limacis, quæ
                <lb/>
              cortice non integitur, ſolet generari. </s>
              <s id="s.005311">Hunc
                <lb/>
              vt oſtendere poſſum, candido colore, &
                <lb/>
              aſpera ſuperficie eſſe oportet, quòd ex
                <lb/>
              aquea ſubſtantia coactus ſit frigore, & ob
                <lb/>
              id etiam paruus, quòd in paruo animali
                <lb/>
              inuentus. </s>
              <s id="s.005312">Putant alligatum, quartanam pa­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg760"/>
                <lb/>
              tientibus prodeſſe non parum. </s>
              <s id="s.005313">In perca piſ­
                <lb/>
              ce paruo, hunc coruum vocant, cùm ca­
                <lb/>
              put magnum habeat, duo lapides inue­
                <lb/>
              niuntur candidi, oblongi, plani, altera
                <lb/>
              parte quaſi dentati, quos lithiaſi conferre
                <lb/>
              creditum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005314">Auxiliatur & podagricis ( vt
                <lb/>
              ferunt ) doloribus, & quantò maior fuerit.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg761"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005315">
                <margin.target id="marg760"/>
              Perca lapis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005316">
                <margin.target id="marg761"/>
              Quomodo in
                <lb/>
              animalibus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005317">lapides gene­
                <lb/>
              rentur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005318">Oriuntur lapides in animalibus, duobus
                <lb/>
              modis: altero quidem, frigore, vt in lima­
                <lb/>
              ce, perca, cancris, bufone, & ( vt aiunt)
                <lb/>
              Indicis teſtudinibus: altero, à calore, vt in
                <lb/>
              taurorum veſica fellea ſæpe, & in homi­
                <lb/>
              num etiam aliquando: nam inuentus eſt
                <lb/>
              annis ab hinc paucis antè lapis in fellea
                <lb/>
              veſica hominis; eo ſcabiei genere quod le­
                <lb/>
              pra vocatur laborantis. </s>
              <s id="s.005319">Gignitur & in veſi­
                <lb/>
              ca, ac renibus magno illorum malo: tum
                <lb/>
              etiam apud me eſt, genitus in pulmone bo­
                <lb/>
              uis, lenis, ac cinerei coloris. </s>
              <s id="s.005320">Lapides om­
                <lb/>
              nes qui in cancris, limacibus, de piſcibus
                <lb/>
              gignuntur, vt coruo, manati, aliiſque plu­
                <lb/>
              ribus, prohibent generationem lapidum in
                <lb/>
              renibus, genitóſque diſſoluunt. </s>
              <s id="s.005321">Nam hi la­
                <lb/>
              pides in his animalibus immodico frigore
                <lb/>
              concreſcunt: epoti igitur renes refrigerant:
                <lb/>
              aut in hominibus lapides calore generan­
                <lb/>
              tur immodico: talis autem materia lapidea
                <lb/>
              eſt & frigidiſſima: conuenit igitur vt etiam
                <lb/>
              vrinæ abundantiæ, quæ vel calore renum,
                <lb/>
              vel ſiccitate fit, præſens afferat auxilium.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005322">Ferunt etiam in ventre galli generari ale­
                <lb/>
              ctorium lapidem, quaſi dicas gallinaceum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005323">Sed tamen ſarda, vel achate fingitur, in
                <arrow.to.target n="marg762"/>
                <lb/>
              quo flammea macula appareat. </s>
              <s id="s.005324">Verùm ale­
                <lb/>
              ctorium generari in galli, aut galli gallina­
                <lb/>
              cei ventre, penitùs non poſſe reor. </s>
              <s id="s.005325">Nam
                <lb/>
              cùm gallorum ventriculus ſit valde capax,
                <lb/>
              atque ſorditie ſemper plenus, humor ille
                <lb/>
              paulatim diſtillare non poteſt, ſed nec col­
                <lb/>
              ligi, nec concreſcere. </s>
              <s id="s.005326">Si verò concreſcat, in
                <lb/>
              meatibus potiùs id fiet: at ſic lapis mini­
                <lb/>
              mus eſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.005327">Nec omninò quieſcere poſſet,
                <lb/>
              donec coaleſcat. </s>
              <s id="s.005328">In iecore autem manife­
                <lb/>
              ſtum eſt generari lapides, quia meatus ſunt
                <lb/>
              anguſti, & caro denſa. </s>
              <s id="s.005329">Refertque Georgius
                <lb/>
              Agricola, prægrandem gallo inuentum, &
                <lb/>
              magnitudinis incredibilis albus erat, & ruf­
                <lb/>
              fus, & qua parte iecur extuberat fuſcus:
                <lb/>
              inferiore pumicoſus, vt à gemmæ natura
                <lb/>
              plurimum abeſſet: longitudo vnciæ, latitu­
                <lb/>
              do digiti, altus ſeſquunciæ. </s>
              <s id="s.005330">Inueniuntur ta­
                <lb/>
              men in ventriculis gallorum gemmæ, quas
                <lb/>
              fortuitò deuorarunt: atque hæ ſatis pul­
                <lb/>
              chræ, quoniam à calore ventriculi purgan­
                <lb/>
              tur, & nitorem acquirunt: nam & gemma­
                <lb/>
              rij ſolent margaritas columbis offerre, vt
                <lb/>
              expoliantur. </s>
              <s id="s.005331">Quid mirum eſt igitur, diutur­
                <lb/>
              niore mora & calore robuſtiore in ventre
                <lb/>
              galli puriores gemmas expoliri? </s>
              <s id="s.005332">Vtrum ve­
                <lb/>
              rò in iecore gemma, dubium eſt: nam calor
                <lb/>
              auium maior eſt calore quadrupedum, &
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg763"/>
                <lb/>
              humor tenuior. </s>
              <s id="s.005333">Inueniuntur & in aliis ani­
                <lb/>
              malium partibus lapides, vt in chelis gam­
                <lb/>
              mari nodo ſuperiore, atque ego ſemel re­
                <lb/>
              peri: minorem reperit vnus è noſtris con­
                <lb/>
              tubernalibus: quos ego ambos ſeruo. </s>
              <s id="s.005334">Colos
                <lb/>
              ex albo, rubeóque miſtus, leuis ac lenis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005335">Maximi non excedunt granum piſi, imò nec
                <lb/>
              æquant. </s>
              <s id="s.005336">Forma milicæ imò (ſi neſcias
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              mili­
                <lb/>
              cam eſſe credas, vt nihil habeat commune
                <lb/>
              cum lapillis, qui in cancrorum oculis inue­
                <lb/>
              niuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.005337">Raritas facit, vt augurij loco ſit
                <lb/>
              illorum inuentio. </s>
              <s id="s.005338">Quædam etiam ſunt lapi­
                <lb/>
              dibus ſimilia, quæ in animalibus inueniun­
                <lb/>
              tur, nec tamen ſunt lapides, vt ouum bouis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005339">Hoc ſanè in
                <expan abbr="vẽtriculo">ventriculo</expan>
              illius inuenitur magni­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg764"/>
                <lb/>
              tudine anſerini, ferrugineo colore,
                <expan abbr="leuiſſimũ">leuiſſimum</expan>
              .
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005340">ac
                <expan abbr="leniſſimũ">leniſſimum</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.005341">Cogitur ex cibi excrementis, &
                <lb/>
              motu rotunditatem acquirit, pituita cogente.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.005342">Vnde ſi frangatur, ex pilis conſtare videtur:
                <lb/>
              durus eſt pro leuitate tanta. </s>
              <s id="s.005343">Ita natura ludit,
                <lb/>
              vt etiam quandoque boues oua pariant. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005344">
                <margin.target id="marg762"/>
              Lapis in gal­
                <lb/>
              li iecore.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005345">
                <margin.target id="marg763"/>
              Lapis in che­
                <lb/>
              la gamnari</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005346">
                <margin.target id="marg764"/>
              Ouum in
                <lb/>
              boue inueni­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005347">Sunt & lapides recepti in numero gem­
                <lb/>
              marum cùm longè abſint, vt Geodes, quem
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg765"/>
                <lb/>
              Ætitem, quòd prægnans ſit, falſo vocant. </s>
              <s id="s.005348">Fer­
                <lb/>
              rugineus è Galliis, è Cannis in Italia defer­
                <lb/>
              tur pallidus. </s>
              <s id="s.005349">Tecolithos duplex eſt, quaſi di­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg766"/>
                <lb/>
              cas lapidem conſumens, Indicus, & quem
                <lb/>
              Agricola ſpongiæ lapidem vocat. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005350">
                <margin.target id="marg765"/>
              Geodes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005351">
                <margin.target id="marg766"/>
              Tecolithos.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005352">Proxima gemmis
                <expan abbr="marmorũ">marmorum</expan>
              eſt gloria, pul-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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