Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              <s>
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              time would be allowed, upon occaſion, to ſcowr and cleanſe
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              it.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>And in this manner all thoſe Prodigies vaniſh that are raiſed
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              with ſo much fear from the enterance of the Water of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
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              ſwelled into P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o,
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              when it is high, to which there needeth no other
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              anſwer; yet nevertheleſſe we do not take that quantity of Wa­
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              ter, that is carried by
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno,
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              and by
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              Panaro,
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              to be ſo great as is affir­
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              med: For that P. D.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Benedetto Caſtelli
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              hath no leſſe accutely
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              than accurately obſerved the meaſures of this kind, noting that
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              the breadth and depth of a River is not enough to reſolve the
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              queſtion truly, but that there is reſpect to be had to the velocity
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              of the Waters, and the term of time, things hitherto not conſi­
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              dered by the Skilful in theſe affairs; and therefore they are not
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              able to ſay what quantity of Waters the ſaid Rivers carry, nor
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              to conclude of the riſings that will follow thereupon. </s>
              <s>Nay, it
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              is moſt certain, that if all the Rivers that fall into
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Po,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which are
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              above thirty, ſhould riſe at the rate that theſe compute
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to
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              do, an hundred feet of Banks would not ſuffice, and yet they
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              have far fewer: So that this confirmes the Rule of R. P. D.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Bene­
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              detto,
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              namely, that the proportion of the height of the Water
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              of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to the height of the Water of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              is
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              compounded of the proportion of the breadth of the Chanel of
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Po
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to that of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and of the velocity of the Water of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              in
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Po
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to the velccity of the Water of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ; a manifeſt
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              argument that there cannot in it, by this new augmentation of
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              Waters follow any alteration that neceſſitates the raiſing of its
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              Banks, as appeareth by the example of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Panaro,
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              which hath been
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              ſo far from ſwelling P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              that it hath rather aſſwaged it, for it hath
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              carried away many Shelfs and many Iſlets that had grown in its
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              Bed, for want of Waters ſufficient to bear away the matter of
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              Land-floods in ſo broad a Chanel; and as is learnt by the trial
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              made by us in
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              Panaro
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              with the Water of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Burana
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              ; for erecting
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              in the River ſtanding marks, and ſhutting the ſaid Sluice, we could
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              ſee no ſenſible abatement, nor much leſs after we had opened it
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              ſenſible increaſment; by which we judge that the ſame is to ſuc­
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              ceed to P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o,
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              by letting in of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno, Burana
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              having greater pro­
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              portion to
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Panaro
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              than
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              to P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o,
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              conſidering the ſtate of thoſe
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              Rivers in which the Obſervation was made. </s>
              <s>So that there is no
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              longer any occaſion for thoſe great raiſings of Banks, and the
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              danger of the ruptures as well of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Reno
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              as of P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              do vaniſh, as al­
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              ſo the fear leſt that the Sluices which empty into P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſhould re­
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              ceive obſtruction: which if they ſhould, yet it would be over in
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              a few hours. </s>
              <s>And as to the Breaches of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Panaro
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              which happened
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              in 1623. I know not why, ſeeing that it is confeſſed that the P
                <emph type="italics"/>
              o
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              was not, at that time, at its height, one ſhould rather charge it </s>
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