Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
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              Places will fill them with Maggots and Worms;
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              andany conſtant impetuous Wind willmake them
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              ſhrivelled and withered. </s>
              <s>For Pulſe and eſpe­
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              cially Beans make a Floor of Aſhes mixed with
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              Lees and Oil. </s>
              <s>Keep Apples in ſome very cloſe,
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              but cool boarded Room.
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              Ariſtotle
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              is of Opi­
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              nion, that they will keep the whole Year round
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              in Bladders blown up and tied cloſe. </s>
              <s>The In­
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              conſtancy of the Air is what ſpoils every
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              Thing; and therefore keep every Breath of it
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              from your Apples, if poſſible; and particularly
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              the North-wind, which is thought to ſhrivel
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              them up. </s>
              <s>We are told that Vaults for Wine
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              ſhould lie deep under Ground, and be very cloſe
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              ſtopt up; and yet there are ſome Wines which
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              decay in the Shade. </s>
              <s>Wine is ſpoilt by the
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              Eaſtern, Southern and Weſtern Winds, and
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              eſpecially in the Winter or the Spring. </s>
              <s>If it is
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              touched even by the North-wind in the Dog­
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              days, it will receive Injury. </s>
              <s>The Rays of the
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              Sun make it heady; thoſe of the Moon, thick.
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              </s>
              <s>If it is in the leaſt ſtirred, it loſes its Spirit and
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              grows weak. </s>
              <s>Wine will take any Smell that
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              is near it, and will grow dead near a Stink.
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              </s>
              <s>When it is kept in a dry cool Place, always
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              equally tempered, it will remain good for many
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              Years. </s>
              <s>Wine, ſays
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              Columella,
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              ſo long as it is
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              kept cool, ſo long it will keep good. </s>
              <s>Make
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              your Vault for Wine therefore in a ſteady
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              Place, never ſhaken by any Sort of Carriages;
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              and its Sides and Lights ſhould be towards the
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              North. </s>
              <s>All Manner of Filth and ill Smells,
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              Damps, Vapours, Smoke, the Stinks of all
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              Sorts of rotten Garden-ſtuff, Onions, Cabbage,
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              wild or domeſtick Figs, ſhould by all Means
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              be quite ſhut out. </s>
              <s>Let the Floor of your Vault
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              be pargetted, and in the Middle make a little
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              Trench, to ſave any Wine that may be ſpilt by
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              the Fault of the Veſſels. </s>
              <s>Some make their
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              Veſſels themſelves of Stue or Stone. </s>
              <s>The big­
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              ger the Veſſel is, the more Spirit and Strength
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              will be in the Wine. </s>
              <s>Oil delights in a warm
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              Shade, and cannot endure any cold Wind; and
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              is ſpoilt by Smoke or any other Steam. </s>
              <s>We
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              ſhall not dwell upon coarſer Matters; namely,
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              how there ought to be two Places for keeping
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              Dung in, one for the Old, and another for the
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              New; that it loves the Sun and Moiſture, and
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              is dried up and exhauſted by the Wind; but
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              ſhall only give this general Rule, that thoſe
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              Places which are moſt liable to Danger by Fire,
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              as Hay-lofts and the like, and thoſe which are
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              unpleaſant either to the Sight or Smell, ought
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              to be ſet out of the Way and ſeparated by
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              themſelves. </s>
              <s>It may not be amiſs juſt to men­
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              tion here, that the Dung of Oxen will not
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              breed Scrpents. </s>
              <s>But there is one filthy Prac­
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              tiſe which I cannot help taking Notice of. </s>
              <s>We
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              take Care in the Country to ſet the Dunghill
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              out of the Way in ſome remote Corner, that
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              the Smell may not offend our Ploughmen;
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              and yet in our own Houſes, in our beſt Cham­
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              bers (where we ourſelves are to reſt) and as it
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              were at our very Bolſters, we are ſo unpolite as
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              to make ſecret Privies, or rather Store-rooms of
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              Stink. </s>
              <s>If a Man is Sick, let him make uſe of
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              a Cloſe-ſtool; but when he is in Health, ſure­
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              ly ſuch Naſtineſs cannot be too far off. </s>
              <s>It is
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              worth obſerving how careful Birds are, and par­
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              ticularly Swallows, to keep their Neſts clean
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              and neat for their young ones. </s>
              <s>The Example
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              Nature herein ſets us is wonderful. </s>
              <s>Even the
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              young Swallows, as ſoon as ever Time has
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              ſtrengthened their Limbs will never Mute, but
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              out of the Neſt; and the old ones, to keep the
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              Filth at a ſtill greater Diſtance, will catch it
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              in their Bills as it is falling, to carry it further
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              off from their own Neſt. </s>
              <s>Since Nature has
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              given us this excellent Inſtruction, I think we
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              ought by no means to neglect it.</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. XVIII.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>
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              The Difference between the Country Houſe and Town Houſe for the Rich.
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              </s>
              <s>The Habitations of the middling Sort ought to reſemble thoſe of the Rich;
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              at leaſt in Proportion to their Circumſtances. </s>
              <s>Buildings ſhould be contrived
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              more for Summer, than for Winter.
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              </s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>The Country Houſe and Town Houſe
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              for the Rich differ in this Circum­
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              ſtance; that they uſe their Country Houſe
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              chiefly for a Habitation in the Summer, and
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              their Town Houſe as a convenient Place of
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              Shelter in the Winter. </s>
              <s>In their Country Houſe
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              therefore they enjoy the Pleaſures of Light,
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              Air, ſpacious Walks and fine Proſpects; in </s>
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