Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Town, there are but few Pleaſures, but thoſe
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of Luxury and the Night. </
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<
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>It is ſufficient there
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fore if in Town they can have an Abode that
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does not want any Conveniencies for living
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with Health, Dignity and Politeneſs: But yet,
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as far as the Want of Room and Proſpect will
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admit, our Habitation in Town ſhould not be
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without any of the Delicacies of that in the
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Country. </
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>We ſhould be ſure to have a good
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Court-yard, Portico, Places for Exerciſe, and
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ſome Garden. </
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>If you are crampt for Room,
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and cannot make all your Conveniencies upon
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one Floor, make ſeveral Stories, by which
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means you may make the Members of your
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Houſe as large as is neceſſary; and if the Na
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ture of your Foundation will allow it, dig
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Places under Ground for your Wines, Oil, Wood,
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and even ſome Part of your Family, and ſuch
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a Baſement will add Majeſty to your whole
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Structure. </
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<
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>Thus you may build as many Stories
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as you pleaſe, till you have fully provided for
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all the Occaſions of your Family. </
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<
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>The prin
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cipal Parts may be allotted to the principal Oc
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caſions; and the moſt Honourable, to the moſt
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Honourable. </
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<
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>No Store-rooms ſhould be want
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ing for laying up Corn, Fruits, and all Manner
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of Tools, Implements and Houſhold-ſtuff;
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nor Places for divine Worſhip; nor Wardrobes
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for the Women. </
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<
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>Nor muſt you be without
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convenient Store-rooms for laying up Cloaths
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deſigned for your Family to wear only on Ho
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lidays, and Arms both deſenſive and offenſive,
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Implements for all Sorts of Works in Wool,
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Preparations for the Entertainment of Gueſts,
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and all Manner of Neceſſaries for any extraor
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dinary Occaſions. </
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<
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>There ſhould be different
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Places for thoſe Things that are not wanted
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above once a Month, or perhaps once a Year,
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and for thoſe that are in Uſe every Day. </
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<
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>Every
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one of which, though they cannot be always
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kept lockt up in Store-rooms, ought however
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to be kept in ſome Place where they may be
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conſtantly in Sight; and eſpecially ſuch Things
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as are ſeldomeſt in Uſe; becauſe thoſe Things
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which are moſt in Sight, are leaſt in Danger
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of Thieves. </
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>The Habitations of middling Peo
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ple ought to reſemble the Delicacy of thoſe of
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the richer Sort, in Proportion to their Circum
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ſtances; ſtill imitating them with ſuch Mode
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ration, as not to run into a greater Expence
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than they can well ſupport. </
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<
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>The Country
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Houſes for theſe, therefore, ſhould be contrived
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with little leſs Regard to their Flocks and
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Herds, than to their Wives. </
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<
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>Their Dove
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houſe, Fiſh-ponds, and the like ſhould be leſs
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for Pleaſure, than for Proſit: But yet their
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Country Houſe ſhould be built in ſuch a Man
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ner, that the Wife may like the Abode, and
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look after her Buſineſs in it with Pleaſure; nor
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ſhould we have our Eye ſo entirely upon Pro
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fit, as to neglect the Health of the Inhabitants.
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<
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>Whenever we have Occaſion for Change of
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Air,
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Celſus
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adviſes us to take it in Winter; for
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our Bodies will grow accuſtomed to Winter
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Colds, with leſs Danger of our Health than to
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Summer Heats. </
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<
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>But we, on the Contrary, are
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fond of going to our Country Houſes chiefly
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in Summer; we ought therefore to take Care
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to have that the moſt Healthy. </
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<
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>As for the
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Town Houſe for a Tradeſman, more Regard
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muſt be had to the Conveniency of his Shop,
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from whence his Gain and Livelihood is to
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ariſe than to the Beauty of his Parlour; the
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beſt Situation for this is, in Croſs-ways, at a
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Corner; in a Market-place or Square, in the
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Middle of the Place; in a High-ſtreet, ſome
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remarkable jutting out; inaſmuch as his chief
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Deſign is to draw the Eyes of Cuſtomers. </
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<
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>In
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the middle Parts of his Houſe he need have no
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Partitions but of unbaked Bricks and common
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Plaiſter; but in the Front and Sides, as he can
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not always be ſure of having honeſt Neighbours,
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he muſt make his Walls ſtronger againſt the
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Aſſaults both of Men and Weather. </
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<
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>He ſhould
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alſo build his Houſe either at ſuch a proper
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Diſtance from his next Neighbour's, that there
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may be room for the Air to dry the Walls af
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ter any Rain; or ſo cloſe, that the Water may
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run off from both in the ſame Gutter; and let
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the Top of the Houſe, and the Gutters parti
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cularly, have a very good Slope, that the Rain
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may neither lie ſoaking too long, nor daſh back
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into the Houſe; but be carried away as quick
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and as clear as poſſible. </
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<
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>There remains no
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thing now but to recollect ſome few Rules laid
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down in the firſt Book, and which ſeem to be
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long to this Head. </
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<
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>Let thoſe Parts of the
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Building which are to be particularly ſecure
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againſt Fire, and the Injuries of the Weather,
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or which are to be cloſer or freer from Noiſe,
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be all vaulted; ſo likewiſe ſhould all Places un
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der Ground: But for Rooms above Ground,
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flat Ceilings are wholeſomer. </
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<
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>Thoſe which
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require the cleareſt Light, ſuch as the common
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Parlour, the Portico, and eſpecially the Library,
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ſhould be ſituated full Eaſt? </
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<
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>Thoſe Things
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which are injured by Moths, Ruſt or Milldew,
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ſuch as Cloaths, Books, Arms, and all Manner </
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