Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.005705">
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              LIBER OCTAVVS.
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005706">
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              De Plantis.
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              <s id="s.005707">NOBILIORES metallicis
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              plantæ ſunt, atque in his quæ­
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              dam ſenſus imago relucet.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005708">Etenim & odiſſe, & amare
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              plantas, & membra habere
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              functionibus opportuna, ſatis clarum eſſe
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg822"/>
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              puto. </s>
              <s id="s.005709">Nam vitem oderunt olea, ficus, caules,
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              atque adeò, vt frequentes ſatæ apud eam
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              vinum in vappam vertant: & cucumis oleam
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              fugit, & vlmum diligit vitis. </s>
              <s id="s.005710">Sic Myrtus
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              iuxta punicam malum conſita, eam fructuo­
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              ſiorem reddit, ipſa odoratior, vtraque mi­
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              rum in modum læta prouenit ac luxuriat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005711">Vna tamen eſt cauſa generalis, cur plantæ
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              quædam aliis ſibi vicinis pernicioſæ ſint:
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              nam cum Solis calore, & humido terræ lu­
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              xurient, neceſſe eſt arborem omnem opacam
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              noxiam eſſe aliis, tum etiam multifidæ radi­
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              cis: nam multifida radice exhauritur humor
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              vitalis, quo planta vicina atque imbellis ali
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              debet: vmbra verò refrigerantur, & plantæ,
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              & ſolum, vt tabeſcere ob id ipſæ videantur
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              arbores, aut herbæ, quæ vmbræ ſubiacent.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005712">Itaque nux noxia eſt vtroque vitio: conſita
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              habet enim folia, & multiplicem radicem:
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              ficus verò prægrandia. </s>
              <s id="s.005713">Animaduerti dum
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              hæc ſcriberem triticum iuxta ſepem in agro
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              natum, humile, aridum ac rarum, & mini­
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              mè fruticoſum fuiſſe, cum ſeps humilis, &
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              rara orientem aut occidentem Solem, nec
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              diu tamen, nec ex toto prohiberet. </s>
              <s id="s.005714">Ergo
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              generalia hæc, alia quidem (vt diximus)
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              propria.
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            <p type="margin">
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              Plantarum
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              odium, &
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              amicitia.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005716">
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              Plantarum
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              genera.</s>
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              <s id="s.005717">Genera plantarum quatuor, arbores fru­
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              tices, ſuffrutices, herba. </s>
              <s id="s.005718">Arbor eſt, cuius
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              truncus aut denuò, aut perpetuò vireſcit, &
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              ad egregiam peruenit magnitudinem, vt
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              pyrus. </s>
              <s id="s.005719">Frutex, cuius truncus manet, ſed non
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              in iuſtam creſcit magnitudinem, vt roſa, &
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              myrtus. </s>
              <s id="s.005720">Suffrutex, qui & ipſe manet trunco,
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              ſed tamen herbarum magnitudinem non
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              excedit, vt bruſcus. </s>
              <s id="s.005721">Herba, quæ caule caret,
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              vt aizoum, id eſt, ſemperuiua, & ſaluia: vel
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              caulem in ſingulos annos mutat, vt fœnicu­
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              lus. </s>
              <s id="s.005722">Poteſt & quintum genus addi medium
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              inter herbam, & fruticem, velut ruta: hæc
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              enim arboreſcit quandoque, quandoque her­
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              ba manet. </s>
              <s id="s.005723">Quòd etiam cauli contigit. </s>
              <s id="s.005724">Caulis
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              verò maximè capitatus creſcit in immen­
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              ſum, vt in Pannonia. </s>
              <s id="s.005725">Sed arte arbores, her­
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              bæque tum fructus creſcunt plurimùm, vt
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              punica, & citonia, tum perſica. </s>
              <s id="s.005726">Et ex oleribus
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              quæcunque virent, etiam hyeme, in fruticem
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              induſtria tranſeunt. </s>
              <s id="s.005727">Sed nullum aptius ruta,
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              vt de qua Ioſephus Hebræus ſcriptum reli­
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              querit, vidiſſe ſe in Machæro Iudææ rutam,
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              quæ proceritate, & magnitudine nulla ficus
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              planta eſſet inferior. </s>
              <s id="s.005728">Vidimus & nos in vi­
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              ridario medici Mediolani rutam, quæ mul­
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              torum annorum beneficio in arbuſtum tran­
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              ſierat. </s>
              <s id="s.005729">Itaque manifeſtum eſt, plantas,
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
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              ob magnitudinem, neque viuacitatem ſpe­
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              cie differre. </s>
              <s id="s.005730">Sed neque ob id, quòd folia ma­
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              gnitudinem non eandem retineant, vel quòd
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              huic perpetua, illi decidua ſint, aut quòd flo­
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              ris colos non vnus ſit, aut quòd ſterilis ſit
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              altera, reliqua fructum ferat. </s>
              <s id="s.005731">Ergo planta­
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              rum diſcrimen ex quatuor rebus ſumendum,
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              quarum præcipua eſt facultas, ſeu vis: vires
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              enim à forma proueniunt: forma autem eſt,
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              quæ ſpecies ipſas diſtinguit. </s>
              <s id="s.005732">Fieri enim mul­
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              tò minùs poteſt, vt ſalix ſit vitex, quàm vt
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              aſinus ſit bos, tametſi ſalix, ac vitex frondi­
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              bus, & cortice ſint ſimiles. </s>
              <s id="s.005733">Nam vitex calida
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              eſt, & ſicca in tertio ordine. </s>
              <s id="s.005734">Indico eſt pri­
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              mùm, quòd flatus diſcutiat, & quòd prima
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              inter arbores floreat: cùm ſalix humida ſit ac
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              frigida, ſeróque floreat, & flatum gignat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005735">Produnt etiam odores temperiem. </s>
              <s id="s.005736">Ergo quæ­
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              cunque eiuſdem ſpeciei ſunt, etiam ſi alte­
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              rum in India, reliquum in Scythia naſcatur,
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              eiſdem viribus præcipuis neceſſariò partici­
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              pant. </s>
              <s id="s.005737">Ideò abſurdum eſt credere, eiſdem
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              plantis diuerſas
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              contrarias vires ineſſe,
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              vt diuerſis eaſdem, aliámque eſſe rationem
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              plantarum, & animalium. </s>
              <s id="s.005738">Secunda diſcrimi­
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              nis ratio ab odore, tertia à ſapore ſumenda
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              eſt: quarta verò, quæ & ipſa præcipua, à fi­
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              gura foliorum, florum, fructus, ſtipitis, corti­
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              cis radicum, denique totius plantæ. </s>
              <s id="s.005739">Nam
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              quod ad magnitudinem attinet quænam ar­
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              bor ceraſo procerior? </s>
              <s id="s.005740">Sunt tamen ex illis Ma­
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              cedonicæ vocatæ, palma non altiores. </s>
              <s id="s.005741">Itaque
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              dubitatio ea ceſſat, quæ olim de bugloſſo, &
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              boragine habita eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005742">Nam cum forma, &
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              viribus, odore atque guſtu penè pares ſint,
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              vtraſque ſub eadem ſpecie collocari debere,
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              palam eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005743">Etenim cùm propter vires nomina
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              illarum quæramus, palam eſt apud medicum
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              illas eodem nomine dignas cenſeri debere,
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              quæ eiſdem viribus præditæ ſint: herbario
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              non item, ſed iuxta figuræ rationem, me­
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              dico verò non. </s>
              <s id="s.005744">Sed vbi iam hæc duo con­
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              ſenſerint, reliqua etiam adeſſe neceſſe eſt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005745">Erga ipſa rerum natura potiùs, quàm Dioſ­
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              coridis verba ſunt exploranda: is enim
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              quanquam egregius fuerit in dignoſcendis
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              medicamentis, & diligentiſſimus in tractan­
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              dis, & clariſſimus in explicandis, fuit tamen
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              doctrinæ genere empiricus, diſciplina verò
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              miles, & cuius ſcripta ad poſteros multis
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              vitiis macula tranſierint. </s>
              <s id="s.005746">Vnde tot illorum
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              contentiones, vt iam pudeat inconſtan­
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              tiæ. </s>
              <s id="s.005747">Exploranda ſunt igitur medicamen­
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              ta non à nominibus, aut magnitudine, vel
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              colore, aut fœcunditate, aut his, quæ
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              pro regionum varietate mutantur, ſed à vi­
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              ribus atque figura, odoréque ac ſapore. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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