Castelli, Benedetto
,
Of the mensuration of running waters
,
1661
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without the leaſt errour; which Rule was taught me by my
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Maſter
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Sign. </
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<
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>Galilæo Galilæi,
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Chief Philoſopher to the moſt Se
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rene
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Grand Duke
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of
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Tuſcany.
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And this way will ſerve eaſily and
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admirably to our purpoſe and occaſion; ſo that we ſhall
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thereby be able to know how many Quarts of Water an A
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queduct will diſcharge in a given time of hours, moneths, or
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years. </
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>And in this manner we may conſtitute a Cock that ſhall
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diſcharge a certain and determinate quantity of water in a time
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given.</
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>And becauſe daily experience ſhews us, that the Springs of A
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queducts do not maintain them alwayes equally high, and full
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of Water, but that ſometimes they increaſe, and ſometimes de
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creaſe, which accident might poſſibly procure ſome difficulty in
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our diſtribution: Therefore, to the end that all manner of ſcru
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ple may be removed, I conceive that it would be convenient to
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provide a Ciſtern, according to the occaſion, into which there
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might alwayes fall one certain quantity of water, which ſhould
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not be greater than that which the principal pipe diſchargeth in
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times of drought, when the Springs are bare of water, that ſo in
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this Ciſtern the water might alwayes keep at one conſtant height.
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>Then to the Ciſtern ſo prepared we are to faſten the Cocks of
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particular perſons, to whom the Water is ſold by the Reverend
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Apoſtolique Chamber, according to what hath been obſerved
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before; and that quantity of Water which remaineth over and
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above, is to be diſcharged into another Ciſtern, in which the
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Cocks of the Waters for publick ſervices, and of thoſe which
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people buy upon particular occaſions are to be placed. </
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<
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>And
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when the buſineſſe ſhall have been brought to this paſſe, there
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will likewiſe a remedy be found to the ſo many diſorders that
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continually happen; of which, for brevity ſake, I will inſtance
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in but four only, which concern both publique and private bene
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fit, as being, in my judgment, the moſt enormous and intole
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rable.</
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>The firſt inconvenience is, that in the common way of meaſu
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ring, diſpenſing, and ſelling the Waters of Aqueducts, it is not
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underſtood, neither by the Buyer nor Seller, what the quantity
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truly is that is bought and ſold; nor could I ever meet with any
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either Engineer or Architect, or Artiſt, or other that was able to
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decypher to me, what one, or two, or ten inches of water was.
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>But by our above declared Rule, for diſpenſing the Waters of
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Aqueducts we may very eaſily know the true quantity of Water
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that is bought or ſold, as that it is ſo many Tuns an hour, ſo ma
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ny a day, ſo many in a year, &c.</
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<
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>The ſecond diſorder that happeneth, at preſent, in the diſtri</
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