Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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[131.] 4. Duærectæ lineæ ab utro uiſu ductæad concurſum duorum axium, factum in recta linea ad utrun axem obliqua, ſunt ferè inæquales. 41 p 3.
[132.] 5. E plurib. uiſibilib. ordinatim intraopticos axes diſpoſitis: remotiora incertè uidẽtur. 50 p 3.
[133.] 6. Si duæ rectæ lineæ à medio nerui cõmunis ſint contermi-nærectæ cõnectenti centra for aminum gyrineruorum cauo-rum: conſtituent triangulum æquicrurum. 30 p 3.
[134.] 7. Si recta linea ſit à medio nerui communis admedium rectæ lineæ connectentis centra fo-raminum gyrineruorum cauorum: erit ad ipſam perpendicularis. 33 p 3.
[135.] 8. Si axes, communis & duo optici, in uno uiſibilis puncto concurrant: erunt in eodem plano cum rectis, connectente centra foraminum gyrineruorum cauorum, & duab{us} à medio nerui communis connectenti conterminis. 34 p 3.
[136.] 9. Vtro uiſu uiſibile unum plerun uidetur. 28 p 3. Idem 27 n 1.
[137.] 10. Concurſiis axium opticorum in axe communifacit uiſionem certißimam: extrà, tantò certiorem, quantò axi propinquior fuerit. 44 p 3.
[138.] 11. Viſibile intra axes opticos ſitum: ueluni uiſui rectè, reliquo obliquè oppoſitum: uidetur geminum. 104.103 p 4.
[139.] 12. Viſibile aliàs unum: aliàs geminum uideri organo ostenditur. 108 p 4.
[140.] 13. Viſibile medio unius uiſus rectè, reliquo obliquè oppoſitum, uidetur geminum. 103 p 4. Idem II n.
[141.] 14. Viſibile, in quo concurrunt axes optici, aut radij his propinqui: uidetur unum. 46 p 3.
[142.] 15. Viſibile in axium opticorum concurſu certißimè uidetur: extratantò certius, quantò concurſui fuerit propinquius. 45 p 3.
[143.] 16. Viſibile magnum ſimul totum æquabiliter non uidetur. 48 p 3.
[144.] 17. Viſibile uiſui directũ, certißimè uidetur: obliquũ tantò minus, quantò obliquius. 33 p 4.
[145.] DE CAVSSIS, QVIBVS VISVI ACCIDIT DE-ceptio. Cap. III. 18. Ad uiſionem perficiendam octo neceſſaria ſunt: quorum quodlibet ad uitandum allu-cinationes, uiſibili ſymmetrum eſſe oportet. 1. 2. 13. 14. 15. 16. 19. 56 p 3. 1 p 4. Vide 36 n 1.
[146.] DE DISTINGVENDIS ERRORIBVS VI-ſus. Cap. IIII. 19. In uiſione erratur aut ſolo uiſu: aut anticipata notione: aut ſyllogiſmo.
[147.] DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE fiunt ſolo ſenſu. Cap. v. 20. Erratur ſolo uiſu in luce & colore, propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymme-triam. 156 p 4.
[148.] DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE fiuntin ſcientia & cognitione. Cap. VI. 21. Erratur anticipata nõtione: cum forma anticipata, obiecto uiſibili perperam aßimila-tur, propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymmetriam. 155 p 4.
[149.] DE QVALITATIBVS DECEPTIONVM VISVS, QVAE AC-cidunt in ſyllogiſmo & ratione. Cap. VII. 22. Erratur ſyllogiſmo propter ſingulorum uiſionem perficientium aſymmetriam.
[150.] 23. Diſtantia immoder ata cre at errores in ſingulis uiſibilibus ſpeciebus. In remotione. 16 p 4.
[151.] 24. In ſitu. 44. 59. 61. 62. 97 p 4.
[152.] 25. In ſoliditate & figura. 98. 97. 95. 50. 65 p 4.
[153.] 26. In magnitudine. 28 p 4.
[154.] 27. In diuiſione, & continuatione & numero 109 p 4.
[155.] 28. In motu & quiete. 138 p 4.
[156.] 29. In aſperitate & lenitate. 141 p 4.
[157.] 30. In raritate & denſitate. 144 p 4.
[158.] 31. In umbra & tenebris. 147 p 4.
[159.] 32. In pulchritudine & deformitate. 150 p 4.
[160.] 33. In ſimilitudine & dißimilitudine. 153 p 4.
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          <pb o="125" file="0131" n="131" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER IIII."/>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div276" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head297" xml:space="preserve" style="it">50. Si uiſ{us} opponatur baſi ſpeculi conici caui: uiſibile intra ſpeculum poſitum, tantùm uide-
            <lb/>
          bitur. 6 p 9.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7330" xml:space="preserve">SEd ſpeculum pyramidale integrum ſi opponatur uiſui, & ſit uiſus ex parte baſis, non percipiet
              <lb/>
            niſi hoc, quod fuerit intra ſpeculum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7331" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam perpendicularis tenet angulum acutum cum
              <lb/>
            linea ab oculo ad ipſam ducta, ex parte baſis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7332" xml:space="preserve"> unde fit reflexio ex parte acuminis [radius enim
              <lb/>
            reflexus declinat ad partem oppoſitam radio, obliquè ſpeculo incidẽti per 10 n:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7333" xml:space="preserve">] & cadent omnes
              <lb/>
            lineæ reflexæ intra pyramidem, & uideri poterit, quod intra pyramidem poſitum eſt.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7334" xml:space="preserve"> Si autem au-
              <lb/>
            feratur ex eo portio ſecundum longitudinem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7335" xml:space="preserve"> poterunt quidem comprehendi exteriora, cum pa-
              <lb/>
            teat exitus lineis reflexionis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7336" xml:space="preserve"> Similiter ſi ſecetur pyramis ad modum annuli, ut auferatur uertex:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7337" xml:space="preserve"> li-
              <lb/>
            berum habebunt lineæ ingreſſum, & exteriora apparebũt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7338" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi fuerit uiſus ex parte ſuperficiei con-
              <lb/>
            cauitatis ſpeculi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7339" xml:space="preserve"> plura poterit comprehendere exteriora, quàm ex parte baſis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7340" xml:space="preserve"> quia latior inciden-
              <lb/>
            tibus datur lineis uia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7341" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div277" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head298" xml:space="preserve" style="it">51. Ab uno cui{us}libet ſpeculi puncto, unum uiſibilis punctum ad unum uiſum reflectitur.
            <lb/>
          29. 30. 31 p 5. Item 37 p 5: item in præfat. 1. 5. & 10 librorum.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7342" xml:space="preserve">AMplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7343" xml:space="preserve"> ſumpto uniuſcuiuſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7344" xml:space="preserve"> ſpeculi puncto, nõ eſt poſsibile in eo percipi formam, niſi for-
              <lb/>
            mam unius puncti ab eodem uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7345" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniam enim per perpendicularem & centrum uiſus
              <lb/>
            unica tranſit ſuperficies:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7346" xml:space="preserve"> & una ſola eſt linea à centro uiſus ad punctum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7347" xml:space="preserve"> & unicus angulus
              <lb/>
            ex linea perpendiculari acutus, & unicus angulus in eadem ſuperficie acutus æqualis huic [ſecus
              <lb/>
            pars æquaretur toti contra 9 ax.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7348" xml:space="preserve">] ergo eſt unica linea, quæ angulum æqualem huic cum perpendi-
              <lb/>
            culari facit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7349" xml:space="preserve"> & cum linea peruenerit ad partem corporis, nõ poteſt forma alterius puncti per ipſam
              <lb/>
            uehi, cum punctum præcedens occultet poſtpoſitum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7350" xml:space="preserve"> Sed duobus uiſibus poſſunt in eodem ſpe-
              <lb/>
            culi puncto comprehendi duæ punctuales formæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7351" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam infinitæ poſſunt ſumi ſuperficies, ſu-
              <lb/>
            per perpendicularem ſe ſecantes, in quarum qualibet circa perpendicularem ſumi poterunt duo
              <lb/>
            anguli æquales acuti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7352" xml:space="preserve"> Iam ergo proprietatem reflexionis declarauimus, & ſimiliter cuiuslibet ſpe-
              <lb/>
            culi proprium.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7353" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus autem cum per reflexionem formas comprehendit, non animaduertit quòd
              <lb/>
            hæc acquiſitio per reflexionem ſit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7354" xml:space="preserve"> Non enim accidit ex proprietate uiſus reflexio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7355" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam uiſu
              <lb/>
            remoto, procedit non minus forma à corpore ad ſpeculum, & reflectitur ſecundum modum prędi-
              <lb/>
            ctum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7356" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi accidat uiſum eſſe in loco, in quem linearum reflexarum fit aggregatio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7357" xml:space="preserve"> comprehendet
              <lb/>
            uiſus formam illam in capitibus harum linearum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7358" xml:space="preserve"> & eſt in ſpeculo tanquam non adueniens, ſed na-
              <lb/>
            turalis eſſet forma ſpeculo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7359" xml:space="preserve"> Amplius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7360" xml:space="preserve"> aliquando acquirit uiſus formas in ſpeculis in ſola ſuperficie,
              <lb/>
            aliquando intra ſpeculum, aliquando ultra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7361" xml:space="preserve"> Et erit apparens locus formæ ſecundum figuram ſpe-
              <lb/>
            culi & ſitum rei uiſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7362" xml:space="preserve"> & ſemper comprehendetur forma in loco proprio, mutato ſitu uiſus & ſpecu-
              <lb/>
            li:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7363" xml:space="preserve"> & erit diuerſitas elongationis loci formæ ad ſpeculi ſuperficiem, ſecundum diuerſitatem figuræ
              <lb/>
            ſpeculi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7364" xml:space="preserve"> Et locus formæ dicitur locus imaginis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7365" xml:space="preserve"> Et forma dicitur imago.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7366" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus autem comprehen-
              <lb/>
            dit rem uiſam in loco imaginis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7367" xml:space="preserve"> Et nos dicemus illum locum, & eius proprium in quolibet ſpecu-
              <lb/>
            lorum, quæ enumerauimus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7368" xml:space="preserve"> & aſsignabimus cauſas, propter quas comprehendantur res uiſæ in
              <lb/>
            loco illo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7369" xml:space="preserve"> & hoc in ſequente libro, ſi deus uoluerit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7370" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div278" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head299" xml:space="preserve">ALHAZEN FILII</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head300" xml:space="preserve">ALHAYZEN OPTICAE</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head301" xml:space="preserve">LIBER QVINTVS.</head>
          <p style="it">
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7371" xml:space="preserve">LIBER iſte in du{as} partes diuiſ{us} est.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7372" xml:space="preserve"> Prima pars eſt proœmium libri.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7373" xml:space="preserve"> Secunda
              <lb/>
            de imaginib{us}.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7374" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div279" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head302" xml:space="preserve">PROOEMIVM LIBRI. CAP. I.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head303" xml:space="preserve" style="it">1. Imago eſt form a uiſibilis, à polit a ſuperficie reflexa. In def. 5 libri.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7375" xml:space="preserve">LIquet ex quarto libro [2 n] quòd formæ rerum uiſarum reflectuntur ex corporibus politis, &
              <lb/>
            uiſus comprehendit eas in corporibus politis propter reflexionem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7376" xml:space="preserve"> & patuit [20.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7377" xml:space="preserve"> 21 n 4] quo-
              <lb/>
            modo fieret acquiſitio rerum ex reflexione formarum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7378" xml:space="preserve"> Et uiſus comprehendit rem uiſam in loco
              <lb/>
            determinato:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7379" xml:space="preserve"> & primò, cum non fuerit ſitus rei uiſæ ad uiſum mutatio.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7380" xml:space="preserve"> Et forma comprehenſa in
              <lb/>
            corpore polito nominatur imago.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7381" xml:space="preserve"> Et nos explanabimus in hoc libro loca imaginũ ex corporibus
              <lb/>
            politis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7382" xml:space="preserve"> & dicemus quomodo acquiratur horũ locorũ ſcientia, & quomodo inueniatur ſyllogiſticè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7383" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div280" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head304" xml:space="preserve">DE LOCIS IMAGINVM. CAP. II.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head305" xml:space="preserve" style="it">2. In ſpeculo plano imago uidetur in concurſu perpendicularis incidentiæ & lineæ reflexio-
            <lb/>
          nis. 37 p 5.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7384" xml:space="preserve">IMaginis cuiuſcunq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s7385" xml:space="preserve"> puncti locus, eſt punctum in quõ linea reflexionis ſecat perpendicularem
              <lb/>
            à puncto rei uiſæ intellectam ſuper lineam contingentem lineam cõmunem ſuperficiei ſpeculi,
              <lb/>
            </s>
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