Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Men do with our Arms. </
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<
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>For this Reaſon, the
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ſame Diſtention and Contraction of the Mem
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bers and Nerves which we uſe in pulling,
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thruſting or lifting, we are to imitate in our
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Engines. </
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<
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>I ſhall only add one Piece of Ad
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vice more, which is, that whenever you are to
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move any great Weight, in any Manner what
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ſoever, you would go about it carefully, cauti
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ouſly and deliberately, remembering the many
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uncertain and irrecoverable Accidents and
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Dangers which ſometimes happen in Attempts
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of this Nature, even to the moſt experienced:
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For you will never get ſo much Honour and
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Reputation if what you undertake, ſucceeds, as
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you will incur Blame and the Imputation of
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Raſhneſs, if it fails. </
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>We ſhall now leave this
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Subject, to proceed to the outward Coat of
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the Wall.</
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<
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>CHAP. IX.</
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That the Incruſtations which are made upon the Wall with Mortar, muſt be
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three in Number: How they are to be made, and to what Purpoſes they are
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to ſerve. </
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<
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>Of the ſeveral Sorts of Mortar, and in what Manner the
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Lime is to be prepared for making them: Of Baſs-relieves in Stuc-work
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and Paintings, with which the Wall may be adorned.
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<
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>In all Incruſtations there muſt be at leaſt
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three Coats of Mortar; the firſt is called
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Rough-caſting, and its Office is to ſtick as cloſe
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as poſſible to the Wall and to bind on the two
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outer Coats; the Office of the outer Coat, is
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to make the Work ſhew neat, ſmooth, and po
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liſhed; that of the middle Coat, which we call
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Plaiſtering, is to prevent any Faults or Defects
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in either of the other two. </
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<
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>The Defects are
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theſe: If the two laſt, that is to ſay, the Plaiſt
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ering and the outer Coat are ſharp, and to uſe
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ſuch an Expreſſion, tenacious of the Wall, as
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the Rough-caſt ought to be, their Acrimony
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will occaſion an infinite Number of Cracks in
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them in drying. </
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>And if the Rough-caſt be
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ſoft, as the outer Coat ſhould be, it will not
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take hold of the Wall as it ought, but will fall
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off in Pieces. </
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<
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>The oftener we plaiſter the Wall
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over, the better we may poliſh it, and the
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longer it will endure the Injuries of Time.
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<
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>Among the ancient Buildings I have ſeen ſome
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which have been done over no leſs than nine
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Times. </
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<
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>The firſt of theſe ſhould be very ſharp,
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and made of Pit-Sand and Brick beaten not
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too fine, but about the Size of ſmall Gravel,
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and laid on about the Thickneſs of three
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Inches. </
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<
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>For the Plaiſtering, or middle Coat,
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River-Sand is better, and is leſs apt to crack.
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<
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>This Coat too ſhould be ſomewhat rough, be
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cauſe to a ſmooth Surface nothing will ſtick
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that you lay on. </
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<
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>The laſt of all ſhould be as
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white as Marble; for which Reaſon, inſtead of
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Sand you ſhould uſe the whiteſt Stone that can
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be got pounded ſmall; and it will be ſufficient
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if this Coat be laid on about half an Inch thick,
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ſor when it is much more, it will not eaſily
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dry. </
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<
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>I know ſome that, out of good Huſ
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bandry, make it no thicker than a Piece of
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Shoe-leather. </
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<
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>The ſecond Coat, or Plaiſter
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ing, ought to be ordered according to its Proxi
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mity to either of the other two. </
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<
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>In Moun
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tains where there are Stone-pits, you meet
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with certain Veins extremely like a tranſparent
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Alabaſter, which are neither Marble nor Tarres,
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but of a Kind of middle Nature between both,
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and very friable. </
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>If this be beat ſmall and
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mixed up inſtead of Sand, it will ſhew full of
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little Sparks that will ſhine like a fine Sort of
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Marble. </
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<
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>In many Places we ſee Nails ſtuck
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into the Wall to keep on the Plaiſtering, and
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Time has proved to us that it is better to have
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them of Braſs than of Iron. </
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<
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>I am very much
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pleaſed with thoſe who, inſtead of Nails, ſtick
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little Pieces of Flint in between the Joints of
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the Stone; which they drive in gently with a
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wooden Hammer. </
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<
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>The freſher and rougher
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the Wall itſelf is, the faſter all your plaiſtering
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Work will cleave to it: For which Reaſon, if,
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as you build the Wall, and while the Work is
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Green, you rough-caſt it, though but ſlightly,
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the Plaiſtering and outer Coat will ſtick to it
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ſo faſt, as hardly ever to peel off. </
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<
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>After ſouther
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ly Winds, it is very proper to do any of this
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Sort of Work; but if when a north Wind
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blows, or in any great Cold or Heat, you offer
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at any Sort of Plaiſtering, eſpecially at laying
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on the outer Coat, it will ſcale off preſently.
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<
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>Laſtly, all Incruſtations are of two Sorts; either </
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