Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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continual Wet, rots and decays, and always
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exhales Vapours extreamly noxious to the
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Health of its Inhabitants. </
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<
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>In ſuch a Place,
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the Underſtanding can never be clear, the
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Spirits being dampt and ſtupified; nor will
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any Kind of Bodies endure long. </
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<
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>The Books
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will grow mouldy and rot; the Arms will
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ruſt, nothing in the Storehouſe will keep, and
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in ſhort, the Exceſs of Moiſture will ſpoil and
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deſtroy every Thing. </
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<
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>If the Sun ſhines in,
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you will be ſcorched inſufferably by the fre
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quent Reflection of his Rays, which will be
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beat back upon you from every Side, and if it
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does not, you will be dried and withered by
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the continual Shade. </
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<
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>Add to this, that if the
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Winds gets in, being confined as it were in a
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Channel, it will rage there with greater Fury
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than in other Places; and if it never enters,
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the Air for want of Motion will grow thick
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and muddy; ſuch a Valley may not impro
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perly be called a Puddle, or Bog of Air. </
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<
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>The
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Form of the Place therefore in which we in
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tend to build, ought to be graceful and plea
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ſant, not mean and low, as if it were buried
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below the reſt of the Earth, but lofty, and as
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it were a Hawk to look clear round about, and
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conſtantly refreſhed on every Side with de
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lightful Breezes. </
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<
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>Beſides this, let there be
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Plenty of every Thing neceſſary, either to the
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Convenience or Pleaſure of Life, as Water,
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Fire and Proviſions: But Care muſt be taken,
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that there is nothing in any of theſe Things
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prejudicial to the Health. </
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<
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>The Springs muſt
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be opened and taſted, and the Water tried by
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Fire, that there be no Mixture in it of mucous,
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viſcous or crude Particles, that may affect the
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Conſtitutions of the Inhabitants. </
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<
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>I omit the
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ill Effects that often proceed from Water, as
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breeding Wens in the Throat, and giving the
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Stone; as likewiſe thoſe other more wonderful
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Effects of Water, which
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Vitruvius
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the Archi
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tect has learnedly and elegantly ſummed up.
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</
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<
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>It is the Opinion of the Phyſician
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Hipocrates,
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that they who drink Water not well purged,
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but heavy and ill-taſted, grow Cholicky, and
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to have large ſwelled Bellies, while the reſt of
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their Members, their Arms, their Shoulders and
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their Faces become thin and extenuated. </
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<
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>Add
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to this, that though the Fault of the Spleen ill
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digeſting of the Blood, they fall into ſeveral
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Kinds of Diftempers, ſome even peſtilential.
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</
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<
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>In Summer, Fluxes of the Belly by the ſtir
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ring of the Choler, and the diſſolving of the
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Humours waſte all their Strength; and all the
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Year round they are continually liable to heavy
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and tedious Infirmities, ſuch as the Dropſy,
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Aſthma and Pleuriſy. </
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<
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>The young loſe their
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Senſes by melancholy Bile; the old are burnt
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by the Inflammation of the Humours; the
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Women with Difficulty conceive, and with
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more Difficulty bring forth: In a Word, every
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Age and every Sex will fall by early and un
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timely Deaths, deſtroyed and worn away by
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Diſeaſes; nor will they enjoy a ſingle Day
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while they live, without being tormented with
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Melancholy or black Humours, and fretted
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with Spleen and Vapours; ſo that their Minds
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will never be free from Vexation and Uneaſi
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neſs. </
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<
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>Many other Things might be ſaid of
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Water, which have been obſerved by the an
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cient Hiſtorians, very curious and remarkable,
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and of extream Efficacy to the Health of Man
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kind; but they are uncommon, and might
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ſeem rather intended to make a Shew of
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Knowledge than for actual Uſe; beſides that
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we ſhall ſpeak more copiouſly of Waters in
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their proper Place. </
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<
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>Thus much certainly is
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not to be neglected, and is moſt manifeſt,
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namely, that Water gives Nouriſhment to all
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Plants, Seeds, and every Thing elſe that has
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the vegetative Life, with the Plenty of whoſe
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Fruits Men are refreſhed and ſupported. </
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<
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>If
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all this be granted, certainly we ought very
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carefully to examine what Veins of Water the
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Country is furniſhed with, in which we intend
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to dwell.
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Diodorus
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tells us, that the
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Indians
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are generally luſty ſtrong Men, and very ſharp
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witted, which he imputes to their having a
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wholeſome Air and good Water. </
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<
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>Now that
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Water we conceive to be the beſt taſted which
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has no Taſte, and that is beſt coloured which
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has no Colour at all. </
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<
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>It is agreed, that the
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beſt Water is clear, tranſparent and light, ſuch
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as being poured upon a white Cloth leaves no
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Stain; and upon boiling has no Sediment, and
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which does not cover the Bed it flows in with
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Moſs or Slime, nor eſpecially the Stones which
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it runs over. </
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<
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>A further Proof of the Goodneſs
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of Water is, when boiling any Kind of Pulſe in
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it makes them tender, and when it makes good
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Bread. </
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<
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>Neither ſhould we be leſs careful to ex
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amine and note, whether the Region ingenders
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nothing peſtiferous or venemous, that the Inha
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bitants may be in no Danger. </
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<
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>I paſs over
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ſome Things, which are recorded by the An
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cients, to wit, that in
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Colchos
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there diſtills from
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the Leaves of the Trees a Honey, which who
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ſoever taſtes falls ſenſeleſs, and for a whole Day
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ſeems to be dead: As alſo what is ſaid to have
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happened in
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Antony
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's Army, occaſioned by </
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