Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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that we have here ſaid of the outer Coat, or
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Surface of the Wall may likewiſe ſerve as to
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Pavements, of which we promiſed to ſpeak,
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only that on Pavements we never beſtow fine
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Painting nor ſuch good
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Moſaic
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Work, unleſs
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you will grant the Name of Painting to a Par
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get of various Colours poured into hollow little
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Spaces ſeparated from each other by thin Par
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titions of Marble in Imitation of Painting. </
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<
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>This
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Parget may be made of red Oker burnt, with
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Brick, Stone and the Droſs of Iron; and when
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it is laid on and is thoroughly dry, it muſt be
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cleared and ground down ſmooth, which is done
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in the following Manner: Take a hard Stone,
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or rather a Piece of Lead of threeſcore Pound
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Weight, with its lower Surface perfectly ſmooth;
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to each End of this faſten a Rope, by which
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you muſt draw it backwards and forwards over
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your Pavement, ſtill keeping it ſupplied with
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Sand and Water, till it is rubbed exactly ſmooth,
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and is poliſhed as it ought, which it never is
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unleſs all the Lines and Angles of the Dies an
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ſwer and fit one another to the greateſt Nice
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neſs. </
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<
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>If this Parget be rubbed over with Oil,
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eſpecially that of Linſeed, it will get a Coat
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like Glaſs. </
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>It alſo does very well to anoint it
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with Lees of Oil, as alſo with Water in which
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Lime has been quenched, with which you
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ſhould rub it over often. </
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<
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>In all our
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Moſaic
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Works we ſhould avoid uſing the ſame Co
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lours too often in the ſame Places, as alſo too
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frequent Repetitions of the ſame Figures and
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Irregularity in the Compoſition of them. </
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<
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>We
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ſhould likewiſe take Care that the Junctures
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are not too wide, but that every Thing be fit
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ted together with the utmoſt Exactneſs, that
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equal Care may appear to have been uſed in all
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Parts of the Work.</
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<
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>CHAP. XI.</
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Of the Ornaments of the Covering, which conſiſt in the Richneſs and Beauty
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of the Rafters, Vaults and open Terraſſes.
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<
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>The Coverings too have their Beauty and
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Gratefulneſs from the Contrivance of
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the Rafters, Vaults and open Terraſſes. </
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<
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>There
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are Roofs yet to be ſeen in
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Agrippa
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's Portico
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with Rafters of Braſs, forty Foot long; a Work
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wherein we know not which to admire moſt,
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the Greatneſs of the Expence, or the Skill of
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the Workmen. </
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<
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>In the Temple of
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Diana
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at
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Epheſus,
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as we have taken Notice elſewhere,
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was a Roof of Cedar, which laſted a vaſt
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While.
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Pliny
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relates that
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Salauces
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King of
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Colchos,
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after he had overcome
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Seſoſtris
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King
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of
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Ægypt,
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made his Rafters of Gold and Sil
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ver. </
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<
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>There are ſtill to be ſeen Temples covered
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with Slabs of Marble, as, we are told, was the
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Temple of
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feruſalem
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with prodigious large
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ones of ſuch wonderful Whiteneſs and Splen
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dor, that at a Diſtance the whole Roof appear
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ed like a Mountain of Snow.
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Catulus
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was the
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firſt that gilt the Braſs Tiles on the Capitol
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with Gold. </
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<
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>I find too that the
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Pantheon,
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or
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Rotonda
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at
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Rome,
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was covered with Plates of
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Braſs gilt; and Pope
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Honorius,
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he in whoſe
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Time
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Mahomet
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taught
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Ægypt
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and
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Africa
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a
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new Religion and Worſhip, covered the Church
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of St.
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Peter
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all over with Plates of Braſs.
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Ger
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many
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ſhines with Tiles glazed over. </
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<
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>In many
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Places we cover our Roofs with Lead, which
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will endure a great While, ſhews very hand
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ſome, and is not very expenſive; but it is at
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tended with this Inconvenience, that if it is laid
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upon a Stone Roof, not having room for Air
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under it, when the Stones come to be heated
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by the Rays of the Sun, it will melt. </
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<
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>There
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is an Experiment which may convince us of
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the Truth of this. </
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<
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>If you ſet a leaden Veſſel
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full of Water upon the Fire, it will not melt;
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but if you throw the leaſt Stone into it,
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where that touches it will immediately melt
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into a Hole. </
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<
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>Beſides this, if it is not well
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cramped and pinned down in all Parts, it is
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eaſily ripped off by the Wind. </
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<
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>Moreover it is
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preſently eat into and ſpoilt by the Saltneſs of
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Lime; ſo that it does much the beſt upon
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Timbers, if you are not afraid of Fire: But
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here again, there is a great Inconvenience arif
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ing from the Nails, eſpecially if they are of
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Iron, inaſmuch as they are more apt to grow
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hoter than Stone, and, beſides, eat away the
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Lead all about them with Ruſt. </
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<
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>For this
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Reaſon the Cramps and Pins ought alſo to be
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all of Lead, and muſt be faſtened into the
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Sheets with hot Sodder. </
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<
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>Under this Covering
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you ſhould make a thin Bed of Aſhes of Wil
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low, waſhed and mixed with Chalk. </
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<
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Nails are not ſo apt to grow hot or to ruſt, as </
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