Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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overcame the hardness of the Alps by the use of vinegar and fire. </
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<
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>Even
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if a vein is a very wide one, as tin veins usually are, miners excavate into the
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small streaks, and into those hollows they put dry wood and place amongst
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them at frequent intervals sticks, all sides of which are shaved down fan
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shaped, which easily take light, and when once they have taken fire com
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municate it to the other bundles of wood, which easily ignite.</
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>A—KINDLED LOGS. B—STICKS SHAVED DOWN FAN-SHAPED. C—TUNNEL.</
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>While the heated veins and rock are giving forth a foetid vapour and the
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shafts or tunnels are emitting fumes, the miners and other workmen do not
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go down in the mines lest the stench affect their health or actually kill them,
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as I will explain in greater detail when I come to speak of the evils which
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affect miners. </
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<
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Bergmeister,
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in order to prevent workmen from being
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suffocated, gives no one permission to break veins or rock by fire in shafts or
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tunnels where it is possible for the poisonous vapour and smoke to permeate
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the veins or stringers and pass through into the neighbouring mines, which
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have no hard veins or rock. </
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>As for that part of a vein or the surface of the
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rock which the fire has separated from the remaining mass, if it is overhead,
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the miners dislodge it with a crowbar, or if it still has some degree of hardness,
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they thrust a smaller crowbar into the cracks and so break it down, but if </
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