Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007068">
                <pb pagenum="508" xlink:href="016/01/157.jpg"/>
              niculiſque Fera autem omnia, & quæ car­
                <lb/>
              veſcuntur, dentibus, & præacutis armauit,
                <lb/>
              præter aues: in his verò roſtrum fecit adun­
                <lb/>
              cum. </s>
              <s id="s.007069">Sed vniuerſis fermè quibus aut den­
                <lb/>
              tes non dedit, vt auibus: aut minùs firmos,
                <lb/>
              vt felibus, ac his, quæ ſimilia illis ſunt, vn­
                <lb/>
              gubus curuos & robuſtos largita eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007070">Carni­
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              uora igitur dentibus, & vnguibus mitia cor­
                <lb/>
              nibus, aut vngulis, ſi magna erant parua
                <lb/>
              celeritate ſola muniuit. </s>
              <s id="s.007071">Reliquum eſt igitur
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              his intellectis, vt doceamus, cur quædam
                <lb/>
              animalia è putredine generentur, alia per
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1032"/>
                <lb/>
              propagationem. </s>
              <s id="s.007072">Cauſa igitur huius diffe­
                <lb/>
              rentiæ eſt, quia natura generationem pau­
                <lb/>
              ciſſimis indigere voluit: ob id principaliter
                <lb/>
              generationem ex putrida materia in omni­
                <lb/>
              bus animalibus quæſiſſet: ſed quoniam per­
                <lb/>
              fecta, vt abſoluerentur, longo tempore in­
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              digebant, non potuiſſet materia tamdiu
                <lb/>
              abſque motu conſeruari, maximè ob tem­
                <lb/>
              porum viciſſitudines abſque conceptaculo:
                <lb/>
              itaque neceſſarius fuit vterus, vel oui cor­
                <lb/>
              tex, in quo ſeruaretur fœtus, donec perfi­
                <lb/>
              ceretur: atque ideò etiam generatio ex ſe­
                <lb/>
              mine. </s>
              <s id="s.007073">Itaque manifeſtum eſt, ſolam gene­
                <lb/>
              rationem ex putredine intentam eſſe à na­
                <lb/>
              tura, eamque exiguo tempore abſolui: reli­
                <lb/>
              quam coactam eſſe, nec primò à natura in­
                <lb/>
              tentam, atque tardiorem. </s>
              <s id="s.007074">In quibus igitur
                <lb/>
              liberum fuit generare abſque auxilio vllo
                <lb/>
              nihil exegit, vt in fructuum vermibus: in
                <lb/>
              aliis vtitur colluuie abſque certa materia, vt
                <lb/>
              in muſcis. </s>
              <s id="s.007075">Perfectiora his generantur cer­
                <lb/>
              ta materia, quam animal ipſum coinqui­
                <lb/>
              nat, vt apes ex melle, quod proluunt ſorte
                <lb/>
              ſua: & crabones ſimiliter agreſti melle,
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              Alia indigent ouo. </s>
              <s id="s.007076">Perfectiſſima autem
                <lb/>
              ſunt, quæ in vtero generantur. </s>
              <s id="s.007077">Atque his
                <lb/>
              quinque ordinibus natura ad ſummum per­
                <lb/>
              fectionis acceſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.007078">An verò eorum, quæ ex
                <lb/>
              putri generantur materia, generatio perpe­
                <lb/>
              tua ſit, & an vnquam deficiant, ad libros
                <lb/>
              de Arcanis æternitatis inquirere pertinet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.007079">Libri enim dum leguntur, aut ſcribuntur,
                <lb/>
              mens ſunt: hæc autem æterna. </s>
              <s id="s.007080">Hoc igitur
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              differunt, generationes ex ſemine, & putri
                <lb/>
              materia, quia in ſemine eſt materia, quæ
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              calorem excipit ſemper ſimilem ei, ex quo
                <lb/>
              ſemen generatur: in aliis calor quidam eſt,
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              ſed materiam contingit hîc vel illic eſſe, vt
                <lb/>
              ſit generatio talium fortuita: ob id ergo
                <lb/>
              pleraque horum puſilla ſunt, & impercta:
                <lb/>
              puſilla quidem, quia parum materiæ adeſt
                <lb/>
              generationi aptæ cùm fortuitò collecta ſit,
                <lb/>
              imperfecta autem, quia paruam habet quie­
                <lb/>
              tem talis generatio, & ob id breui perfici­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1033"/>
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.007081">Quod verò breui perficitur, vt in ope­
                <lb/>
              ribus etiam artis perfectum eſſe nequit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.007082">Ob id nullum penitùs animal ex putredine
                <lb/>
              genitum, quamuis omnes habeat ſenſus,
                <lb/>
              poteſt illos habere perfectos, & abſolu­
                <lb/>
              tos. </s>
              <s id="s.007083">Sed in omnibus exterioribus ſenſibus
                <lb/>
              deficiunt, & multò magis in interioribus,
                <lb/>
              imò etiam carent prudentia penitùs, & ſtu­
                <lb/>
              pida ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007084">Apes verò prudentes: nam ex
                <lb/>
              certa materia generantur, nec ſine paren­
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              te. </s>
              <s id="s.007085">Aut ſi ex vitulo generantur, non eſt
                <lb/>
              opus earum proprium, ſed naturæ: vt pi­
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              ctura florum hyacinthi, quam nemo men­
                <lb/>
              te ſanus prudentiæ, plantæ tribuet, ſed na­
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              turæ. </s>
              <s id="s.007086">Formicæ autem prudentes videntur,
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              ſed ex ſemine, & ouis fiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007087">Itaque ob eas
                <lb/>
              cauſas nullum animal è putri materia ge­
                <lb/>
              nitum, diſciplinæ capax eſt, neque manſueſ­
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              cit. </s>
              <s id="s.007088">Principium enim cognitionis non eſt
                <lb/>
              intus. </s>
              <s id="s.007089">Magnitudines verò alia ratio, incer­
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              táque meta, & ſi pleraque ( vt dixi ) parua
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              ſint. </s>
              <s id="s.007090">Etenim ea animalium genere debetur,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1034"/>
                <lb/>
              non generationi. </s>
              <s id="s.007091">Sed generare animalia talia
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              negat Philoſophus, & rectè: verùm non quia
                <lb/>
              animal alterius generis naſcatur, materiæ
                <lb/>
              ratione. </s>
              <s id="s.007092">Sed huius cauſam propriam do­
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              cebo. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007093">
                <margin.target id="marg1029"/>
              Plantæ cur
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              in longum
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              creſcant ma­
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              gis anima
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              vndequa­
                <lb/>
              que.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007094">
                <margin.target id="marg1030"/>
              Animalium
                <lb/>
              cur diuerſus
                <lb/>
              cibus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007095">
                <margin.target id="marg1031"/>
              Animalium
                <lb/>
              arma.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007096">
                <margin.target id="marg1032"/>
              Animalia
                <lb/>
              ex putrida
                <lb/>
              materia cur
                <lb/>
              facta.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007097">
                <margin.target id="marg1033"/>
              Animalia è
                <lb/>
              putredine
                <lb/>
              genita ſem­
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              per ſunt de­
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              bilibus ſen­
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              ſibus & ple­
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              rumque par­
                <lb/>
              ua.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007098">
                <margin.target id="marg1034"/>
              Vermis auel­
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              lanæ nucis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007099">Virtus generandi robuſtis, & perfectis
                <lb/>
              animalibus debetur. </s>
              <s id="s.007100">Indicio eſt, quòd mu­
                <lb/>
              tila, & læſa, & valdè parua non generant,
                <lb/>
              aut rarò, nec ſibi ſimilia. </s>
              <s id="s.007101">Ex imperfectis,
                <lb/>
              quæ ſenio aut morbo debilitata ſunt, aut ad­
                <lb/>
              huc non adoleuerint, generare non poſſunt.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1035"/>
                <lb/>
              Igitur animalia è putrida materia genita,
                <lb/>
              quum plerumque ſunt imbecillia, non gene­
                <lb/>
              rant, aut ſi generant, debilius parente ge­
                <lb/>
              nerant, vt pediculi, lendes, & mures alios
                <lb/>
              mures, in quibus ceſſat vis generandi quo­
                <lb/>
              niam imbecilliora ſunt parentibus, in qui­
                <lb/>
              bus vis generandi adeò debilis erat, vt non
                <lb/>
              poſſent ſibi ſimile generare. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007102">
                <margin.target id="marg1035"/>
              Animalia è
                <lb/>
              putredine
                <lb/>
              genita an
                <lb/>
              generent &
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              on eiuſdem
                <lb/>
              ſpecisi. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007103">Relinquitur igitur, vt animalia è putre­
                <lb/>
              dine genita, vt plurimùm non generent
                <lb/>
              penitùs: quædam verò generant, at imbe­
                <lb/>
              cilliùs, nec ſibi ſimile: pauca verò calore
                <lb/>
              regionis, vt in Ægypto, vel bona fortuna,
                <lb/>
              robuſta in ſpeciem continuam tranſeunt,
                <lb/>
              propaganturque vt reliqua animalia. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007104">Quæ igitur non generant, non ideò ſunt
                <lb/>
              ſterilia, quia è putri materia ſint genita:
                <lb/>
              ſed quia ex illa genita, à perfectione pro­
                <lb/>
              priæ ſpeciei deficiunt: plerumque & ob id
                <lb/>
              monſtra ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007105">Ob id quæſtio illa ceſſat, an
                <lb/>
              mures è putrida materia geniti, alterius ſint
                <lb/>
              ſpeciei, ab his, qui ſucceſſione ſunt gene­
                <lb/>
              rati: certè non, forma enim eadem, & ope­
                <lb/>
              rationes, ſed ſolùm differunt, vt mon­
                <lb/>
              ſtrum ab animali ſuæ ſpeciei integro. </s>
              <s id="s.007106">Ne­
                <lb/>
              que enim dicet quiſpiam hominem vnocu­
                <lb/>
              lum, aut ſedigitum, aut ex cuius vtero in­
                <lb/>
              fantis poſtrema pars promineret, eſſe al­
                <lb/>
              terius ſpeciei animal ab homine, ſed ho­
                <lb/>
              minem monſtroſum. </s>
              <s id="s.007107">Ita murem illum è pu­
                <lb/>
              tri materia genitum, murem dicemus de­
                <lb/>
              bilem atque monſtroſum. </s>
              <s id="s.007108">Ita lendes ſunt
                <lb/>
              monſtra pediculorum, & quæcunque talia
                <lb/>
              monſtra enim non conſtituunt ſpeciem. </s>
              <s id="s.007109">De­
                <lb/>
              mirorque ſatis de Ariſtotele, quòd cùm in
                <lb/>
              omnibus tantùm formæ tribuat, tam parùm
                <lb/>
              verò materiæ, hæc in cauſa formæ mate­
                <lb/>
              riam prætulerit, cum manifeſtum ſit in hac
                <lb/>
              animalium differentia nihil ad plenam for­
                <lb/>
              mam atque figuram, tum mores deficere,
                <lb/>
              præter quàm vim generandi, quæ etiam de­
                <lb/>
              ficit in caſtratis animalibus, debilibus, ſen­
                <lb/>
              ſibus, nimiumque iuuenculis. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007110">Sed ſi modò fuit Ariſtotelis error, & non
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1036"/>
                <lb/>
              aliquid in eius contextu deficiat, vt ſit potiùs
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="argumentũ">argumentum</expan>
              aliorum, certè hunc
                <expan abbr="errorẽ">errorem</expan>
                <expan abbr="emẽ-dauit">emen­
                  <lb/>
                dauit</expan>
              Theophraſtus, vir ſanè qui à Galeno
                <lb/>
              iudicio præfertur Ariſtoteli, & meritò, ſi
                <expan abbr="ſo-lũ">ſo­
                  <lb/>
                lum</expan>
              ad ſcripta, quæ habemus, reſpicimus. </s>
              <s id="s.007111">Nam </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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