Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.007111">
                <pb pagenum="509" xlink:href="016/01/158.jpg"/>
              de litera Ariſtotelis, quòd multis in locis
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              corrupta ſit, non obſcuræ ſunt coniecturæ.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007112">Itaque anima calore cœleſti determinatur,
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              & numerum ſuum ſpecies omnes habent.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007113">Nec ex materia ſpecies mutatur, medò for­
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              mam ſuſcipere poſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.007114">Varietates autem ex
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              materia, vt etiam in his, quæ à parentibus
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              generantur, ad monſtra referendæ ſunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007115">Quòd ſi ad ſpecies referas, fient prorſus ſpe­
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              cies infinitæ. </s>
              <s id="s.007116">Eſt etiam aliud argumentum,
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              cùm videamus muſcas in Italia, in Germa­
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              nia, Indiâque, & Æthiopia, tum aliis regio­
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              nibus tam procul inter ſe diſtantibus, & ex
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              tam diuerſa materia genitis, forma, & mo­
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              ribus ſimiles eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.007117">Quòd ſi hæc vis in cœlo
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              non eſſet materiaque diuerſa, ſpecies diuer­
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              ſæ generarentur, propemodum tot eſſent
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1037"/>
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              ſpecies muſcarum, quot muſcæ. </s>
              <s id="s.007118">Quòd verò
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              genita è putri materia in perpetuum pro­
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              pagari poſſint, aliàs demonſtratum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007119">Quæ
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              igitur diuerſæ ſint ſpeciei, & quæ ſolùm
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              deficiant, & monſtra mereantur appellari,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1038"/>
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              iam dictum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007120">Reliquum eſt, vt oſtenda­
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              mus, nullum animal ex putredine genitum
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              manſueſcere: ſed omnia talia admodum
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              agreſtia eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.007121">Quod primò contingit, quia
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              (vt dictum eſt) ſenſus habent interiores de­
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              biles: quæ autem manſueſcunt, imaginatri­
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              cem vim & memoriam conſpicuam habere
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              debent: tum quia exanguia, ideóque timi­
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              da: timor autem, vt inferiùs docebimus,
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              impedit, ne cicura fiant. </s>
              <s id="s.007122">Sunt etiam ple­
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              runque breuis vitæ: tempore autem indigent
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              quæcunque manſueſcere debent. </s>
              <s id="s.007123">Demùm
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              nullum eſt contractus huius manſuetudinis
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              imò neque conſuetudinis veſtigium à paren­
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              tibus, quod plurimùm facit ad propoſitum
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              animalium, quæ cicurare volumus: hoc au­
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              tem infrà docebimus. </s>
              <s id="s.007124">Etſi aliquid in rem
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              facit, talia omnia cùm fœda ſint aſpectu,
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              & horribilia, nemo illorum conſuetudi­
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              nem deſiderabit, etiamſi intentum aſſequi
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              poſſe ſperet. </s>
              <s id="s.007125">Sed quædam horum planè no­
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              bis vtilia ſunt, vt apes: quas tractare ob
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              commodum cogimur. </s>
              <s id="s.007126">Sunt autem potiùs
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              inſecta, quàm è putri materia genita. </s>
              <s id="s.007127">Inſe­
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              ctorum enim alia volant, vt muſcæ, & apes:
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              alia in terra degunt vt vermes, & lacertæ:
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              alia ambigui generis, vt formicæ: alia vi­
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              uunt in aquis, vt ſcolopendræ: aliæ volant
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              & in aquis tamen viuunt, vt muſcæ fluuia­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1039"/>
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              tiles: alia in aquis, & terra, vt crocodili. </s>
              <s id="s.007128">No­
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              biliſſima ſunt omnium tria genera: ſerpen­
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              tes ob magnitudinem, apes, & bombyces
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              ob opus. </s>
              <s id="s.007129">Serpentes in immenſam magnitu­
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              dinem creſcere teſtatur euentus, cùm M. </s>
              <s id="s.007130">At­
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              tilius Regulus ad Bagradam fluuium, tor­
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              mentis atque baliſtis in Africa vnum lon­
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              gitudinis pedum 120. occiderit. </s>
              <s id="s.007131">Et in ven­
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              tre Boæ temporibus Claudij Cæſaris inte­
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              ger inuentus infans, Boa interfecta. </s>
              <s id="s.007132">Alitur
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              hoc genus lacte, ſugitque vaccas lactantes.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007133">Dracones etiam eſſe referunt, qui elephan­
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              tem totum exugant, & interimant. </s>
              <s id="s.007134">Sunt
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1040"/>
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              & in Calecuto Indiæ orientalis animalia
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              ſerpentibus ſimilia, ſcilicet ore, oculis,
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              cauda prælonga, abſque pilis, aprorum
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              magnitudine, aliquando etiam vaſtiore ca­
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              pite, ſed pedes habent quatuor venen ó­
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              que carent. </s>
              <s id="s.007135">Alia his ſimilia edunt in Hiſ­
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              paniola inſula occidentalis Indiæ, vocata
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              Hyuana, dorſo ſpinoſa, aphona ſeu abſque
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              voce, quatuor pedibus, lacertarum cauda,
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              dentibus acutiſſimis, cuniculis maiora, ceu
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              leporum magnitudine, in arboribus, terra,
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              & aquis abſque diſcrimine degentia, famis
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              ad multos dies patientia, pelle coloribus va­
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              riis diſtincta ac leui, vt ſerpentibus cæte­
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              ris, venter ſupremus qualis auibus eſt, ſed
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              ampliſſimus à mento ad pectus. </s>
              <s id="s.007136">Sunt &
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              quos vocant Bardatos à phaleratorum equo­
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              rum ſimilitudine, teſtudinei generis, iu­
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              cundi guſtu, magnitudine cuniculi, colore
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              albo, & cinereo diſtincto: in terræ foueis,
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              quas pedibus excauant, habitare ſolent, &
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              ipſi quatuor pedibus, anguina pelle, & cau­
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              da: fert hos India occidentalis, iuxta ean­
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              dem inſulam. </s>
              <s id="s.007137">In aurea Caſtiglia frequentes
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              ſunt viperæ, quæ longitudine 20. pedes
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              æquent, quibus caput non minus eſt, quàm
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              hœdo. </s>
              <s id="s.007138">In regno etiam Senegæ, miræ ma­
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              gnitudinis ſerpentes abſque pedibus, & aliis
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              inueniuntur, quales Boas eſſe diximus. </s>
              <s id="s.007139">Ma­
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              iores mittit Taprobana. </s>
              <s id="s.007140">Olim Epidaurij
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              maximos ſerpentes nutriebant, & cicura­
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              bant, vnde nata etiam fabula Alexandri
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              apud Lucianum. </s>
              <s id="s.007141">Et Romani in ſuperſtitio­
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              nem conuerſi, cùm in Æſculapij ſtatua la­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1041"/>
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              tuiſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.007142">Latêre autem hoc genus ſerpentum
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              ſolet, & diu poteſt, quoniam exiguo con­
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              tentum eſt cibo, propter viſcerum anguſtiam
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              & paucitatem caloris natiui, temperaturæ­
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              que ſiccitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.007143">Atque hoc norunt circula­
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              tores, qui eos in pyxide lignea circumfe­
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              runt, cumque commodiſſimè, modico furfu­
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              re appoſito. </s>
              <s id="s.007144">Sed magnitudinis ſerpentum
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              cauſa eſt calor regionis: nam ſerpentes du­
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              ra ſunt carne, ob id in immenſum creſcere
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              apti: nam & arbores plurimùm
                <expan abbr="creſcũt">creſcunt</expan>
              , quia
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              denſiores ſunt ſubſtantia: ſic & elephantes.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007145">Sed ſerpentibus frigida natura obſtabat, ob
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              id non niſi in calidiſſimis regionibus illi ad
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              tantam poſſunt peruenire magnitudinem. </s>
              <s id="s.007146">At
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1042"/>
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              qui nequeunt creſcere calore auxiliante, ne­
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              ceſſariò ſicciſſima ſunt natura, atque ob id
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              pernicioſiſſimi. </s>
              <s id="s.007147">Regulum ſeu baſilicum fe­
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              runt, vel voce ſola, vel intuitu homines oc­
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              cidere: quòd ſi ita eſt, infici aërem in vtro­
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              que ſpiritu eſt neceſſe: nam ſimulachrum
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              illud quod lucis auxilio mittit, veneni par­
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              ticeps eſſe non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007148">Igitur non ſecùs ac
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              mulieres ſpecula vitiant dum menſibus de­
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              tinentur, homines ac animalia voce, vel in­
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              tuitu ſerpentum affici poſſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007149">Obſeruatum
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1043"/>
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              eſt ſerpentes, anguéſque, & quibus vene­
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              num adeſt, in trifolio non habitare, lateréve,
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              quod herba illis exitio ſit, vt illi cæteris, ob
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              id commodè in locis calidioribus ſeritur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007150">Viperæ etiam, quæ aquas inhabitant, parum
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              aut nihil veneni retinent, non enim poſſunt
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              eſſe ſiccæ. </s>
              <s id="s.007151">At venenum aut eſt immodica ſic­
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              citas, aut cum immodica ſiccitate coniun­
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              ctum. </s>
              <s id="s.007152">Itaque vt non omnes ſerpentes vene­
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              noſi, ita neque omnia animalia, quæ veneno
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              prædita ſunt ſerpunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007153">Nam & ſcorpij, & buſ­
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              fones, & araneæ, & cancrorum genera quæ­
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              dam in India occidentali, & formicarum
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              nonnullæ quamuis pedes
                <expan abbr="habeãt">habeant</expan>
              , non tamen </s>
            </p>
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