Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.007207">
                <pb pagenum="511" xlink:href="016/01/160.jpg"/>
              Hac de cauſa nulli fermè piſces veneno
                <emph type="italics"/>
              ſi:
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              quòd ſi ſint ſicciſſima parte tales ſunt, vt
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              lepores marini felle, & ſpinis aranei piſces.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007208">Quinetiam veſpæ, aculeo, quòd ſicciſſima
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1051"/>
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              pars earum ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.007209">Indicio rurſus eſt quantum
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              poſſent afferre perniciem animalibus cæte­
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              ris, ſi vel curſu, vel volatu valerent ſerpentes,
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              quòd præter tigridem nullum animal fermè
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              rapax pernix fuit: & in regionibus vbi ia­
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              culi arbores aſcendunt, vix homines poſ­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1052"/>
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              ſint habitare. </s>
              <s id="s.007210">Multæ verò in ſerpentibus non
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              ſecùs ac in piſcibus, variæque formæ, adeò
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              vt hac varietate freti quidam noſtris tem­
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              poribus, auſi ſint oſtendere ſerpentem pe­
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              dibus duobus, capitibus ſeptem: velut in
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              Apocalypſi legitur: medium quidem caput
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              longius, craſſiúſque, reliqua vt æqualiter ab
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              illo diſtabant paria atque æqualia: vt verò
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              magis recedebant ab illo, ſic etiam colla
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              erant tenuiora ac breuiora. </s>
              <s id="s.007211">Capita quidem
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              viperarum, oculi poſt aures, hiatus maximus,
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              dentes caninis dentibus ſimillimi, ſed gra­
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              ciliores, anteriores autem exigui cum his,
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              qui à lateribus ſunt longioribus: lingua la­
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              ta, vt homini, capútque humano capite ſi­
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              mile: cutis duriſſima, continua, cum ſudibus
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              cartilagineis velut in ſturione maculoſa.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007212">Colla inter ſe diuiſa è corpore prodibant.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007213">Cauda dimidio longior corpore toto, ſer­
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              pentum caudæ ſimilis. </s>
              <s id="s.007214">Pedes parui, longis
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              vnguibus: magnitudo cuniculi: ſub ventre
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              candidus, in dorſo citreus ad vnguem, id eſt,
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              viridi diluto, palearíque intermiſtus. </s>
              <s id="s.007215">Adde­
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              bant inuentos viuos, & vtriuſque ſexus: ſed
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              cùm ego commentum eſſe exiſtimarem, hac
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              ductus ratione, quòd duo principia in ani­
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              mali eiuſdem generis, aut plura multò mi­
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              nùs eſſe nequeant, ac fictitiam hydram, vir
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              doctus Ioannes Meona Piſanus rem mihi
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              totam aperuit. </s>
              <s id="s.007216">Mantuæ ſcilicet diſfectum
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              narrabat hoc monſtrum, fictúmque inuen­
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              tum. </s>
              <s id="s.007217">Quanquam neſcio quodnam maius mi­
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              raculum dici debeat, an naturæ produxiſſe,
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              an artis tam appoſitè finxiſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.007218">Tantum po­
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              teſt auri ſacra fames. </s>
              <s id="s.007219">Sed an animali duo,
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              aut plura poſſint eſſe principia, à pluribus
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1054"/>
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              dubitatum eſt: quia Salamandra animal no­
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              tiſſimum, & lacertæ fermè ſimillimum, quod
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              in fontibus, maceriis murorum & ſub terra
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              inuenitur. (Eſt autem frequentiſſima in Ita­
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              lia, maximè prope Patauium, vbi aliquando
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              tranſiens riuulorum fundum, non ſecùs ac
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              lapillus conſperſum vidi) maculoſo colore,
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              & lurido, cauda verò ſerpentis fermè, quæ
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              etiam paruis ignibus admota vix ſentit, &
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              humore effuſo illos reſtinguit per medium
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              diuiſa parte anteriore antè progreditur, po­
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              ſteriore autem retrorſum incedit: ob id verò
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              duo credita eſt, habere motus principia. </s>
              <s id="s.007220">Sed
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              quomodo animali duo poſſint eſſe principia
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              motus, & quomodo non apertè demonſtran­
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              dum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007221">Itaque monſtra quædam duplici
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              capite naſci nihil prohibet, quandoquidem
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              etiam pueri tales quoque inuenti ſint, vt in­
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              frà docebimus. </s>
              <s id="s.007222">Quod autem natura in ho­
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              minibus quibuſdam facit, in imperfectis ſpe­
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              ciebus poteſt efficere. </s>
              <s id="s.007223">Oſtenſum eſt autem
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              ſuprà ſpecies eſſe monſtrificas, genitas qui­
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              dem ab his animalibus, quæ à putredine ge­
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              nerantur. </s>
              <s id="s.007224">Sunt igitur talia ad ſimilitudinem
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              ſpeciei, ſed non ſunt, verùm animalia à ge­
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              nerationis principio mutila Impoſſibile
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              enim eſt, naturam non rectè iuxta finis ra­
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              tionem operari, ſi nullo prorſus medo impe­
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              diatur. </s>
              <s id="s.007225">Eſt igitur fortuitum inueniri animal
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              duplici capite, quamuis ſit in pluribus ani­
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              malibus ſecundùm eandem formam. </s>
              <s id="s.007226">Nam
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              talia omnia ab eiſdem ſpecie generantur, &
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              ab his, quæ in eodem deficiunt inſtrumento.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007227">Sed ſalamandræ neque monſtra ſunt, neque
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              ſui motus habent plus quàm vnum princi­
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              pium: verùm cùm diuiduntur, imaginatri­
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              cem virtutem habent imperfectiſſimam.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007228">Quid mirum cùm dum valent, ſint hebetis
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              ſenſus? </s>
              <s id="s.007229">exterioris dico: quid de interiore di­
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              cendum eſt? </s>
              <s id="s.007230">Cauſa igitur huius inceſſus eſt,
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              quòd cùm imaginatricem habeant debiliſ­
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              ſimam, hæcautem virtus dolorem, & malum
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              effugere docet, vtraque pars autem dolo­
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              rem ſentit, vbi præciſum eſt corpus, & al­
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              tera ab altera diuiſa, anterior igitur verſus
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              poſteriorem vulnus habet, poſterior verſus
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              partem anteriorem: quare vt dolorem vtra­
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              que pars effugiat, anterior anterius moue­
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              bit, poſterior poſterius: ob ídque ſpeciem re­
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              fert animalis duo principia motus habentis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007231">Nullum igitur animal niſi monſtrificum, &
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              natura imperfectum, duo poteſt habere ca­
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              pita, tum quia quod paucioribus abſolui po­
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              teſt, natura plurimis haud perficit: tum quia
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              id animal ſibiipſi poſſet diſſentire, & aduer­
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              ſari. </s>
              <s id="s.007232">Atque hæ ſunt rationes perſuaſoriæ, de­
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              monſtratiuæ autem in libris de Arcanis æter­
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              nitatis adducentur. </s>
              <s id="s.007233">At dices: Cancri tamen
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              ad vtranque partem mouentur: ſed pedes
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              habent antè reſpicientes, ob id non mouen­
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              tur in vtranque partem ex principio. </s>
              <s id="s.007234">Si
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              enim haberent principium motus vtrinque,
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              haberent & vtrinque ſenſus,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              etiam
                <expan abbr="in-ſtrumẽta">in­
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                ſtrumenta</expan>
              motus. </s>
              <s id="s.007235">Animalia verò natura diui­
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              ſa, ſunt dextra ac ſiniſtra, & ſenſus etiam
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              per partes diſtributi, tum etiam antè retró­
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              que: & ideò diuiſa viuunt, perfecta autem
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              parum, quia multo calore indigent. </s>
              <s id="s.007236">Signum
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              huius eſt, quòd Ioannes Leo refert in Ægy­
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              pto diuidi homines ſupplicij cauſa à carni­
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              fice, ſuperpoſitáque ſuperiore parte foco,
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              vbi calx viua ſparſa ſit, ſuperuiuere per quar­
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              tam horæ partem, agnoſceréque ac reſponſa
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              dare. </s>
              <s id="s.007237">Animal igitur ſenſum vbique retinet,
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              modò per calorem liceat, atque etiam fun­
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              ctionem omnem, cui inſtrumentum non pe­
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              rierit. </s>
              <s id="s.007238">Inde ſedari tot controuerſias quorun­
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              dam nolentium animal ſine capite, aliorum
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              ſine corde viuere: nam ſine capite non ſen­
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              tiunt, ſed viuunt: ſine corde ſentiunt, ſed ce­
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              lerrimè calor deficit atque motus ac vita.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007239">Omne igitur animal ſi diuidatur, modò ſer­
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              uetur calor, ſeruatur & ſenſus. </s>
              <s id="s.007240">Inſecta verò
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              qui paruo indigent calore, tantiſper viuunt
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              ac mouentur, & imaginantur imperfectè,
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              quantiſper vita perſeuerat, ſeu calor vitalis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.007241">Et autem vis imaginandi futurorum, vt ſen­
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              ſus præſentium. </s>
              <s id="s.007242">Dolorem igitur fugiendo
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              (hoc autem ad futurum tempus pertinet) ſa­
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              lamandræ partes (vt dictum eſt) in diuerſa
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              mouentur. </s>
              <s id="s.007243">Sed vt ad propoſitum redeam,
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              circulator ille alium oſtendit ſerpentem,
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              quem draconem vocabat, priore dimidio
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              minorem: cruribus duobus, pedes vetuſtas </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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