Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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<
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>CHAP. IV.</
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Of the Parts, Forms and Figures of Temples and their Chapels, and how theſe
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latter ſhould be diſtributed.
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<
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>The Parts of the Temple are two; the
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Portico and the Inſide: But they differ
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very much from one another in both theſe Re
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ſpects; for ſome Temples are round, ſome
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ſquare, and others, laſtly, have many Sides. </
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<
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>It
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is manifeſt that Nature delights principally in
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round Figures, ſince we find that moſt Things
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which are generated, made or directed by Na
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ture, are round. </
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<
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>Why need I inſtance in the
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Stars, Trees, Animals, the Neſts of Birds, or
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the like Parts of the Creation, which ſhe has
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choſen to make generally round? </
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<
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>We find too
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that Nature is ſometimes delighted with Figures
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of ſix Sides; for Bees, Hornets, and all other
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Kinds of Waſps have learnt no other Figure
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for building their Cells in their Hives, but the
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Hexagon. </
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<
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>The Area for a round Temple
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ſhould be marked out exactly circular. </
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<
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>The
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Ancients, in almoſt all their quadrangular
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Temples made the Platform half as long again
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as it was broad. </
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<
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>Some made it only a third
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Part of the Breadth longer; and others would
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have it full thrice the Breadth long. </
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<
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>But in
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all theſe quadrangular Platforms the greateſt
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Blemiſh is for the Corners to be not exactly
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rectangular. </
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<
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>The Polygons uſed by the An
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cients were either of ſix, eight, or ſometimes
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ten Sides. </
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<
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>The Angles of ſuch Platforms
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ſhould all terminate within a Circle, and indeed
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from a Circle is the beſt Way of deducing
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them; for the Semidiameter of the Circle will
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make one of the ſix Sides which can be con
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tained in that Circle. </
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<
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>And if from the Cen
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ter you draw Right-lines to cut each of thoſe
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ſix Sides exactly in the Middle, you will plainly
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ſee what Method you are to take to draw a
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Platform of twelve Sides, and from that of
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twelve Sides you may make one of four, or
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eight, as in Fig.
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B. C.
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<
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> However here is an
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other eaſier Way of drawing a Platform of eight
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Sides. </
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<
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>Having drawn an equilateral and right
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angled Square together with its Diagonals from
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Corner to Corner; from the Point where thoſe
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Diagonals interſect each other in the Middle, I
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turn a Circle, opening the Compaſſes ſo wide
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as to take in all the Sides of the Square; then
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I divide one of thoſe Sides into two equal Parts,
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and through the Point of that Diviſion draw a
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Line from the Center to the Circumference of
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the Circle
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D,
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and thus from the Point where
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that Line touches the Circumference to the
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Angle of the Square, will be exactly one of the
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eight Sides which that Circle will contain.
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<
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>We may alſo draw a Platform of ten Sides by
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means of a Circle, in the following Manner:
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Draw two Diameters in the Circle, interſecting
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each other at Right-angles, and then divide
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the Half of either of thoſe Diameters into two
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equal Parts, and from that Diviſion draw a
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ſtraight Line upwards aſlant to the Head of
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the other Diameter; and if from this ſlant
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Line you take off the Quantity of the fourth
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Part of one of the Diameters, the Remainder of
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that Line will be one of the ten Sides which
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can be contained in that Circle, as you may
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ſee in Letter
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E.
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<
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> To Temples it is uſual to
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joyn Chapels; to ſome, more; to others fewer.
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<
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>In quadrangular Temples it is very unuſual to
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make above one, and that is placed at the
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Head, ſo as to be ſeen immediately by thoſe
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that come in at the Door. </
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<
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>If you have a Mind
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to make more Chapels on the Sides, they will
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not be amiſs in thoſe quadrangular Temples
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which are twice as long as broad; and there
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we ſhould not make more than one in each
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Side: Though if you do make more, it will
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be better to make an odd Number on each Side
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than an even one. </
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<
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>In round Platforms, and
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alſo in thoſe of many Faces (if we may ven
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ture ſo to call them) we may very conveniently
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make a greater Number of Chapels, according
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to the Number of thoſe Faces, one to each, or one
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with and one without alternately, anſwering to
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each other. </
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<
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>In round Platforms ſix Chapels,
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or even eight will do extremely well. </
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<
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>In Plat
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forms of ſeveral Faces you muſt be ſure to let
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the Corners be exactly anſwering and ſuiting
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to one another. </
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<
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>The Chapels themſelves muſt
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be made either Parts of a rectangled Square, or
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of a Circle. </
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<
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>For the ſingle Chapel at the Head
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of a Temple, the ſemicircular Form is much
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the handſomeſt; and next to that is the rect
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angular. </
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<
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>But if you are to make a good Num
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ber of Chapels, it will certainly be much more
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