Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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pleaſing to the Eye, to make Part of them
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ſquare and Part round alternately, and anſwer
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ing one to the other. </
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<
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>For the Aperture of
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theſe Chapels obſerve the following Rule.
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<
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>When you are to make a ſingle Chapel in a
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quadrangular Temple, divide the Breadth of
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the Temple into four Parts, and give two of
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thoſe Parts to the Breadth of the Chapel. </
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<
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>If
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you have a Mind to have it more ſpacious, di
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vide that Breadth into ſix Parts, and give four
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of them to the Breadth of your Chapel. </
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<
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>And
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thus the Ornaments and Columns which you
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are to add to them, the Windows, and the like,
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may be handſomely fitted in their proper
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Places. </
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>If you are to make a Number of
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Chapels about a round Platform, you may, if
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you pleaſe, make them all of the ſame Size
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with the principal one; but to give that the
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greater Air of Dignity, I ſhould rather chuſe
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to have it a twelfth Part bigger than the reſt.
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<
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>There is alſo this other Difference in quadran
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gular Temples, that if the principal Chapel is
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made of equal Lines, that is to ſay, in an exact
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Square, it may not be amiſs; but the other
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Chapels ought to be twice as broad as they are
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deep. </
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<
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>The Solid of the Walls, or thoſe Ribs
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of the Building which in Temples ſeparate one
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Chapel from the other, ſhould never have leſs
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Thickneſs than the fifth Part of the Break
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which is left between them, nor more than the
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third; or, if you would have them extremely
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ſtrong, the half. </
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<
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>But in round Platforms, if
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the Chapels are in Number ſix, let the Solid or
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Rib which is left between each Chapel, be one
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half of the Break; and if there be eight of
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thoſe Chapels, let the ſolid Wall between them,
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eſpecially in great Temples, be as thick as the
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whole Break for the Chapel: But if the Plat
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form conſiſt of a great Number of Angles, let
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the Solid always be one third of the Break. </
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<
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>In
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ſome Temples, according to the Cuſtom of the
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ancient
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Hetrurians,
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it has been uſual to adorn
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the Sides not with Chapels, but with a ſmall
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Sort of Iſles, in the following Manner: They
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choſe a Platform, which was one ſixth Part
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longer than it was broad: Of this Length they
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aſſigned two of thoſe ſix Parts to the Depth of
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the Portico, which was to ſerve as a Veſtibule
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to the Temple; the reſt they divided into three
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Parts, which they gave to the three Breadths of
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the ſide Iſles. </
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<
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>Again, they divided the Breadth
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of the Temple into ten Parts, three of which
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they aſſigned to the little Iſles on the right
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Hand, and as many to thoſe on the left, and
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the other four they gave to the Area in the
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Middle. </
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<
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>At the Head of the Temple, and ſo
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fronting the Middle of each ſide Iſle, they pla
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ced Chapels, and the Walls which ſeparated
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the ſeveral Iſles they made in Thickneſs one
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fifth Part of the Interſpace.</
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*</
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<
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>CHAP. V.</
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Of the Porticoes and Entrance to the Temple, its Aſcent, and the Apertures
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and Interſpaces of the Portico.
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<
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>Hitherto we have ſpoken of the
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Platform for the Inſide. </
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<
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>The Portico
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to a quadrangular Temple may be either only
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in Front, or on the Back of the Structure, or
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elſe both in the Front and the back Part at the
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ſame Time, or, laſtly, it may run quite round
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the Fabrick. </
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<
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>Where-ever any Chapel projects
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out, there ſhould be no Portico. </
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<
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>The Portico
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ſhould never be ſhorter, in quadrangular Tem
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ples, than the full Breadth of the Temple;
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and never broader than the third Part of its
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Length. </
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<
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>In thoſe Porticoes which run along
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the Sides of the Temple, let the Columns be
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ſet as far from the Wall as they ſtand from one
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another. </
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<
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>The back Portico may imitate which
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you pleaſe of the afore-mentioned. </
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<
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>Circular
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Temples have either a Portico quite round
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them, or elſe have only one Portico, which
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muſt be in Front. </
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<
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>In both, the ſame Propor
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tions muſt be obſerved as in thoſe to quadran
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gular Platforms; nor indeed muſt ſuch Porti
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coes be ever made other than quadrangular.
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<
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>As to their Length, it muſt either be equal to
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the whole Breadth of the Inſide of the Plat
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form, or an eighth Part leſs, or at the moſt a
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fourth Part, which is the ſhorteſt that is ever
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allowed. </
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<
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>The
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Hebrews,
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according to the an
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cient Laws of their Forefathers, were to have
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one ſacred and chief City in a fit and conve
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nient Place, and therein one ſingle Temple and
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one Altar built of Stones, not hewn by Men's
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Hands, but juſt ſuch as they could find, pro
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vided they were white and clean; and there
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was to be no Steps to aſcend to this Temple;
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