Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.007676">
                <pb pagenum="521" xlink:href="016/01/170.jpg"/>
              non ouum, parit: quoniam parùm volat,
                <lb/>
              tota enim hyeme latet reliquis anni parti­
                <lb/>
              bus, non niſi ſub crepuſculo: dentes habet
                <lb/>
              non roſtrum, mammas cum lacte quibus
                <lb/>
              filios nutriat, & alas membrana quadam
                <lb/>
              contextas, non pennis. </s>
              <s id="s.007677">Sed & hoc vulpe­
                <lb/>
              culæ commune eſt inter volucres. </s>
              <s id="s.007678">At hæ
                <lb/>
              aues non ſunt, licet volent: quæ enim
                <lb/>
              aues ſunt, pluma integuntur, roſtrum ha­
                <lb/>
              bent non dentes, veſica & mammis ac lacte
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1094"/>
                <lb/>
              carent: & ouum pariunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007679">Oua autem auium
                <lb/>
              bicolora ſunt, piſcium autem vnius tantùm
                <lb/>
              locoris. </s>
              <s id="s.007680">Piſces verò imperfecta
                <expan abbr="edũt">edunt</expan>
              oua, quæ
                <lb/>
              exteriùs perficiuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.007681">Cauſa imperfectio­
                <lb/>
              nis ouorum, & vnitatis coloris, & quòd
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1095"/>
                <lb/>
              piſces ex ouis plerique generentur, eſt mul­
                <lb/>
              titudo illorum: nam tot animalia: quot
                <lb/>
              oua parere piſcis non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007682">Gignit etiam
                <lb/>
              piſcis oua, quia animal ſi generaretur in
                <lb/>
              vtero, ex ſanguine generaretur, eſſétque
                <lb/>
              piſcis ſanguineus & calidus, quare pulmo­
                <lb/>
              ne indigeret & aëre, non igitur eſſet piſ­
                <lb/>
              cis. </s>
              <s id="s.007683">Ob hoc vitulus marinus cùm animal
                <lb/>
              non ouum generet, etiam reſpirat, & cu­
                <lb/>
              tem piloſam habet, propter caliditatem. </s>
              <s id="s.007684">In
                <lb/>
              elemento etiam tam frigido difficile eſſet
                <lb/>
              tantam caliditatem ſeruari, ex qua poſſet
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1096"/>
                <lb/>
              animal generari perfectum. </s>
              <s id="s.007685">Cauſa verò
                <lb/>
              multitudinis piſcium eſt elementi facilitas,
                <lb/>
              aqua enim generationis principium. </s>
              <s id="s.007686">Et
                <lb/>
              quia eſca ſunt parui piſces maiorum: non
                <lb/>
              enim ibi tot ſunt plantæ, grana, fructus,
                <lb/>
              quibus piſces veſci poſſint, ſicut in terra:
                <lb/>
              ſed idem fermè cibus & animal: ex ani­
                <lb/>
              malibus enim fermè alimentum: de ma­
                <lb/>
              ioribus dico. </s>
              <s id="s.007687">Piſces etiam parui ſunt ſen­
                <lb/>
              ſus, & animalia cognitione carentia, vn­
                <lb/>
              de fœtus negligi à parentibus neceſſe erat:
                <lb/>
              ob idque maiorem illorum partem perire,
                <lb/>
              quamobrem multa generatione opus fuit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.007688">Animalia enim pro ſenſus magnitudine &
                <lb/>
              prudentiæ, fœtum ſuum diligunt atque cu­
                <lb/>
              ſtodiunt: ſiquidem cuſtodia fit propter di­
                <lb/>
              lectionem, dilectio à cognitione oritur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.007689">Quamobrem quæ imperfecta ſunt valde,
                <lb/>
              curam fœtus ſolùm gerunt, donec in
                <lb/>
              vtero eos continent. </s>
              <s id="s.007690">Quæ perfectiora, do­
                <lb/>
              nec in lucem ex ouo prodierint: oua enim
                <lb/>
              cuſtodiunt, natum animal negligunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007691">Quæ
                <lb/>
              verò perfecta, donec robuſta ſint, vt ca­
                <lb/>
              nes, & aquilæ, & corui. </s>
              <s id="s.007692">Sed perfectiſſima,
                <lb/>
              vt homo & elephas, perpetuò fermè natos
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1097"/>
                <lb/>
              ſuos diligunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007693">Verùm animalia quæ imper­
                <lb/>
              fecta ſunt, animal nunquam ex ſe generant,
                <lb/>
              nedum vt genita diligere poſſint. </s>
              <s id="s.007694">Sed gene­
                <lb/>
              rantur hæc vel ex ouis, vel putredine.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.007695">Quoniam enim perfectum eſt aliquid in om­
                <lb/>
              ni genere, aliqua quoque generatio perfe­
                <lb/>
              cta erit: hæc autem neque ex ouis, nec ex
                <lb/>
              putredine: multa enim quæ ſic generan­
                <lb/>
              tur, imperfecta ſunt, quamobrem ſola
                <lb/>
              quæ in vtero fit generatio, perfecta eſſe
                <lb/>
              poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007696">Imperfecta autem animalia gene­
                <lb/>
              rantur, vel quia natura perfectius non po­
                <lb/>
              tuit, aut noluit. </s>
              <s id="s.007697">Sed non poteſt natura bo­
                <lb/>
              nis inuidere, nec nolle quicquam quod bo­
                <lb/>
              num ſit: relinquitur igitur vt imperfecta
                <lb/>
              generentur, quia perfecta eſſe non po­
                <lb/>
              tuerint. </s>
              <s id="s.007698">At perfecta eſſe non poſſe per­
                <lb/>
              fecta ex generatione, impoſſibile eſt, at­
                <lb/>
              que repugnans: quare ex generatione per­
                <lb/>
              fecta, & quæ ex animali fit, animal im­
                <lb/>
              perfectum generari non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.007699">Perfecta
                <lb/>
              etiam generatio pluribus indiget & ma­
                <lb/>
              ioribus, quàm ſenſuum inſtrumenta & fa­
                <lb/>
              cultates: nam hæc virtus neque ſtatim
                <lb/>
              natis functionem habet correſpondentem
                <lb/>
              ſibi, ſed ætate indiget. </s>
              <s id="s.007700">Quibus igitur ge­
                <lb/>
              nerandi facultas conceſſa eſt, his & ſen­
                <lb/>
              ſus omnes: talia autem perfecta anima­
                <lb/>
              lia ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007701">Propter hæc igitur, & alia nul­
                <lb/>
              lum animal imperfectum in vtero genera­
                <lb/>
              tur, ſed eſt hæc generatio animalium ſo­
                <lb/>
              lùm perfectorum. </s>
              <s id="s.007702">At talpam forſan quis
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1098"/>
                <lb/>
              nobis opponat, quæ cæca ex talpa genera­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.007703">Sed talpa quinque ſenſus habet, viſum
                <lb/>
              tamen hebetem ratione finis. </s>
              <s id="s.007704">Cùm enim
                <lb/>
              ſub terra habitet, ſi oculos præacutos ha­
                <lb/>
              beret, nil videns contriſtaretur: non enim
                <lb/>
              in obſcuro videret. </s>
              <s id="s.007705">Quòd ſi acri eſſet in­
                <lb/>
              tuitu, molles haberet oculos, & facilè à
                <lb/>
              terra læderetur quacunque occaſione, nec
                <lb/>
              tamen quicquam videret iucundum: ceſ­
                <lb/>
              ſátque finis in habitantibus ſub terra per­
                <lb/>
              petuò, quorum cauſa facti ſunt oculi, vt
                <lb/>
              ſcilicet à longè ſentiret: ipſa verò non in
                <lb/>
              cauernis habitat, ſed ſolidam terebat ter­
                <lb/>
              ram. </s>
              <s id="s.007706">Auditu igitur potius indiguit: nam
                <lb/>
              quum in terræ ſuperficie habitare cogatur,
                <lb/>
              ob cibum foſſorum pericula, & aliorum
                <lb/>
              animalium vim effugere auditu debuit:
                <lb/>
              quamobrem commodiſſimè tranſlata eſt
                <lb/>
              facultas videndi in acutiorem auditum: Au­
                <lb/>
              dit enim optimè. </s>
              <s id="s.007707">Sed neque oculis omninò
                <lb/>
              caret, verùm habet paruos admodum & pro­
                <lb/>
              minentes, ac nigros ſub piliſque latentes.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.007708">Omne igitur quod generatur ex animali,
                <lb/>
              perfectum eſt animal, cuius membri diuiſio
                <lb/>
              iam explicata eſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007709">
                <margin.target id="marg1093"/>
              Veſpertilio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007710">
                <margin.target id="marg1094"/>
              Auium pro­
                <lb/>
              pria.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007711">
                <margin.target id="marg1095"/>
              Piſces cur ex
                <lb/>
              ouis generen­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007712">
                <margin.target id="marg1096"/>
              Piſces cur
                <lb/>
              adeò multi­
                <lb/>
              plicentur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007713">
                <margin.target id="marg1097"/>
              Demonſtra­
                <lb/>
              tio oſtendens
                <lb/>
              nullum ani­
                <lb/>
              mal imperfe­
                <lb/>
              ctum animal
                <lb/>
              generare ex
                <lb/>
              ſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.007714">
                <margin.target id="marg1098"/>
              Talpa.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007715">Præter hæc autem diſcrimina, ſunt ani­
                <lb/>
              malium perfectorum à forma ſumpta: quæ­
                <lb/>
              dam enim abſque pedibus, quædam binis,
                <lb/>
              quædam quaternis ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.007716">Quæ alas ha­
                <lb/>
              bent, bipeda plerunque ſunt: quatuor ta­
                <lb/>
              men habet veſpertilio. </s>
              <s id="s.007717">Et quæ pinnas. </s>
              <s id="s.007718">Et
                <lb/>
              piſcibus tamen ſunt, quæ plures habent
                <lb/>
              pedes, ſed non propriè pedes ſunt vocan­
                <lb/>
              di. </s>
              <s id="s.007719">Cancri plures habent pedes quàm qua­
                <lb/>
              tuor. </s>
              <s id="s.007720">Sed hic numerus animalibus ſatis­
                <lb/>
              facit pedes verè habentibus. </s>
              <s id="s.007721">Homo loco
                <lb/>
              duorum anteriorum pedum habet bracchia
                <lb/>
              manúſque, vt aues alas. </s>
              <s id="s.007722">Differunt & for­
                <lb/>
              ma oris, & cute, quæ quibuſdam & cum
                <lb/>
              pilo, aliis ſquama, aculeis, cortice,
                <lb/>
              pluma. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.007723">Quædam verò varij generis ſunt, incer­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1099"/>
                <lb/>
              tæque naturæ, vt animal, quod præſenti
                <lb/>
              anno decimanona menſis Ianuarij, Papiæ
                <lb/>
              vidimus. </s>
              <s id="s.007724">Vulpis magnitudo, aliquantò lon­
                <lb/>
              gius, ore & rictu leporino, cum pilis lon­
                <lb/>
              gis, duobúſque dentibus prælongiis: ſi­
                <lb/>
              quidem digiti humani longitudine promi­
                <lb/>
              nentibus admodum ſciuri: oculis ſerpenti­
                <lb/>
              nis, quippe qui angulis carerent, nigri eſ­
                <lb/>
              ſent. </s>
              <s id="s.007725">Pileus inerat capiti hircinæ barbæ ſi­
                <lb/>
              millimus, ſed non aliter quàm criſta pauo­
                <lb/>
              ni. </s>
              <s id="s.007726">Pilus muſtellinus ac pulcher, niſi quòd
                <lb/>
              ſuper collum velut lana candida videba­
                <lb/>
              tur, anteriores pedes vt taxi, aures &
                <lb/>
              poſteriores nihilo differentes ab humanis: </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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