Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

Table of figures

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              <s>
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              pleaſing to the Eye, to make Part of them
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              ſquare and Part round alternately, and anſwer­
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              ing one to the other. </s>
              <s>For the Aperture of
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              theſe Chapels obſerve the following Rule.
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              <s>When you are to make a ſingle Chapel in a
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              quadrangular Temple, divide the Breadth of
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              the Temple into four Parts, and give two of
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              thoſe Parts to the Breadth of the Chapel. </s>
              <s>If
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              you have a Mind to have it more ſpacious, di­
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              vide that Breadth into ſix Parts, and give four
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              of them to the Breadth of your Chapel. </s>
              <s>And
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              thus the Ornaments and Columns which you
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              are to add to them, the Windows, and the like,
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              may be handſomely fitted in their proper
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              Places. </s>
              <s>If you are to make a Number of
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              Chapels about a round Platform, you may, if
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              you pleaſe, make them all of the ſame Size
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              with the principal one; but to give that the
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              greater Air of Dignity, I ſhould rather chuſe
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              to have it a twelfth Part bigger than the reſt.
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              <s>There is alſo this other Difference in quadran­
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              gular Temples, that if the principal Chapel is
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              made of equal Lines, that is to ſay, in an exact
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              Square, it may not be amiſs; but the other
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              Chapels ought to be twice as broad as they are
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              deep. </s>
              <s>The Solid of the Walls, or thoſe Ribs
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              of the Building which in Temples ſeparate one
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              Chapel from the other, ſhould never have leſs
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              Thickneſs than the fifth Part of the Break
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              which is left between them, nor more than the
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              third; or, if you would have them extremely
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              ſtrong, the half. </s>
              <s>But in round Platforms, if
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              the Chapels are in Number ſix, let the Solid or
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              Rib which is left between each Chapel, be one
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              half of the Break; and if there be eight of
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              thoſe Chapels, let the ſolid Wall between them,
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              eſpecially in great Temples, be as thick as the
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              whole Break for the Chapel: But if the Plat­
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              form conſiſt of a great Number of Angles, let
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg19"/>
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              the Solid always be one third of the Break. </s>
              <s>In
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              ſome Temples, according to the Cuſtom of the
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              ancient
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              Hetrurians,
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              it has been uſual to adorn
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              the Sides not with Chapels, but with a ſmall
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              Sort of Iſles, in the following Manner: They
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              choſe a Platform, which was one ſixth Part
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              longer than it was broad: Of this Length they
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              aſſigned two of thoſe ſix Parts to the Depth of
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              the Portico, which was to ſerve as a Veſtibule
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              to the Temple; the reſt they divided into three
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              Parts, which they gave to the three Breadths of
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              the ſide Iſles. </s>
              <s>Again, they divided the Breadth
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              of the Temple into ten Parts, three of which
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              they aſſigned to the little Iſles on the right
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              Hand, and as many to thoſe on the left, and
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              the other four they gave to the Area in the
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              Middle. </s>
              <s>At the Head of the Temple, and ſo
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              fronting the Middle of each ſide Iſle, they pla­
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              ced Chapels, and the Walls which ſeparated
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              the ſeveral Iſles they made in Thickneſs one
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              fifth Part of the Interſpace.</s>
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              *</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. V.</s>
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              <s>
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              Of the Porticoes and Entrance to the Temple, its Aſcent, and the Apertures
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              and Interſpaces of the Portico.
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              </s>
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              <s>Hitherto we have ſpoken of the
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              Platform for the Inſide. </s>
              <s>The Portico
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              to a quadrangular Temple may be either only
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              in Front, or on the Back of the Structure, or
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              elſe both in the Front and the back Part at the
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              ſame Time, or, laſtly, it may run quite round
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              the Fabrick. </s>
              <s>Where-ever any Chapel projects
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              out, there ſhould be no Portico. </s>
              <s>The Portico
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              ſhould never be ſhorter, in quadrangular Tem­
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              ples, than the full Breadth of the Temple;
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              and never broader than the third Part of its
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              Length. </s>
              <s>In thoſe Porticoes which run along
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              the Sides of the Temple, let the Columns be
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              ſet as far from the Wall as they ſtand from one
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              another. </s>
              <s>The back Portico may imitate which
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              you pleaſe of the afore-mentioned. </s>
              <s>Circular
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              Temples have either a Portico quite round
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              them, or elſe have only one Portico, which
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              muſt be in Front. </s>
              <s>In both, the ſame Propor­
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              tions muſt be obſerved as in thoſe to quadran­
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              gular Platforms; nor indeed muſt ſuch Porti­
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              coes be ever made other than quadrangular.
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              </s>
              <s>As to their Length, it muſt either be equal to
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              the whole Breadth of the Inſide of the Plat­
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              form, or an eighth Part leſs, or at the moſt a
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              fourth Part, which is the ſhorteſt that is ever
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              allowed. </s>
              <s>The
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              Hebrews,
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              according to the an­
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              cient Laws of their Forefathers, were to have
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              one ſacred and chief City in a fit and conve­
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              nient Place, and therein one ſingle Temple and
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              one Altar built of Stones, not hewn by Men's
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              Hands, but juſt ſuch as they could find, pro­
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              vided they were white and clean; and there
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              was to be no Steps to aſcend to this Temple;
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              </s>
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