Bion, Nicolas, Traité de la construction et principaux usages des instruments de mathématique, 1723

Table of figures

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[71] 8
[72] 9
[73] 10C B D A
[74] 10c b d a
[75] 11B A C
[76] 11B C A D
[77] 12
[78] 13
[79] 14
[80] 15
[81] 16
[82] 17
[83] 18
[84] 19
[85] 19
[86] 20
[87] 20
[88] 21
[89] 21
[90] 21
[91] 22
[92] 22
[93] 22
[94] 23
[95] 23
[96] A
[97] A
[98] A
[99] BDemy Pied du Roy 1 2 3 4 5 6
[100] C
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              <pb o="158" file="172" n="172" rhead="CONSTRUCT. ET USAGES DU DEMI CERCLE"/>
            on ajuſte 2 piuules immobiles, qu'on arrête avec un écrou au-deſ-
              <lb/>
            ſous, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5106" xml:space="preserve">à ſon centre une regle ou alidade mobile garnie de 2 autres
              <lb/>
            pinules faites de la même maniere que celle dont nous avons parlé
              <lb/>
            ci-devant, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5107" xml:space="preserve">qu'on arrête avec une vis. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5108" xml:space="preserve">On emboëte une bouſſole
              <lb/>
            au milieu de ſa ſurface pour ſer vir à orienter les cartes & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5109" xml:space="preserve">les plans.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5110" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5111" xml:space="preserve">Au-deſſous du demi-cercle il y a un genoüil qui eſt attaché au
              <lb/>
            centre, dont la virole entre autour d'un pied à 3 branches, comme
              <lb/>
            la figure le montre.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5112" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5113" xml:space="preserve">Ileſt neceſſaire de dire ici que ces Inſtrumens doivent être d'abord
              <lb/>
            bien dreſſez au marteau; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5114" xml:space="preserve">puis il faut les dégroſſir avec une lime ru-
              <lb/>
            de; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5115" xml:space="preserve">enſuite on les adoucit avec une lime bâtarde & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5116" xml:space="preserve">une douce.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5117" xml:space="preserve">Quand ces Inſtrumens ſont ainſi limez, il faut prendre garde ſi on
              <lb/>
            ne les a pas gauchis en limant. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5118" xml:space="preserve">En ce cas on les doit bien redreſſer à
              <lb/>
            la regle ſur une pierre ou un marbre bien droit, puis on paſſe une
              <lb/>
            pierre de ponce avec de l'eau pour ôter les traits de la lime. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5119" xml:space="preserve">Pour
              <lb/>
            bien polir les demi-cercles, comme tout autre Inſtrument, on ſe ſert
              <lb/>
            de pierre douce d'Allemagne, puis d'un charbon bien doux, en ſorte
              <lb/>
            qu'il ne raïe pas l'ouvrage; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5120" xml:space="preserve">enſuite pour le bien éclaircir on ſe ſert
              <lb/>
            de tripoli fin trempé dans de l'huile, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5121" xml:space="preserve">qu'on paſſe fortement avec
              <lb/>
            un morceau de caſtor ou de chamois.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5122" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5123" xml:space="preserve">Le demi-cercle à lunetes marqué A ſert à prendre les diſtances
              <lb/>
            fort éloignées, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5124" xml:space="preserve">a les degrez de ſon limbe diviſez en minutes par
              <lb/>
            des lignes tranſverſales droites ou courbes, comme il a été dit ci-
              <lb/>
            devant en parlant du quart de cercle.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5125" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5126" xml:space="preserve">Il y a une lunete d'approche attachée par deſſous au long de ſon
              <lb/>
            diametre, dont les bouts marquez B, excedent de part & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5127" xml:space="preserve">d'autre.
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5128" xml:space="preserve">A l'alidade de ce demi-cercle eſt ajuſtée une autre lunete. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5129" xml:space="preserve">Lorſque la
              <lb/>
            ligne de foy coupe le milieu de l'alidade, il faut que la lunete qui y
              <lb/>
            eſt attachée ſoit un peu plus courte, afin que l'on puiſſe voir les de-
              <lb/>
            grez de la diviſion coupez par la ligne de foy; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5130" xml:space="preserve">mais pour le mieux il
              <lb/>
            eſt plus à propos que les 2 lunetes ſoient égales en longueur, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5131" xml:space="preserve">pour
              <lb/>
            lors il faut que la ligne de foy de l'alidade ſoit tracée du bout mar-
              <lb/>
            qué C, & </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5132" xml:space="preserve">que paſſant par le centre du demi-cercle, elle aille aboutir
              <lb/>
            à l'extremité oppoſée, marquée D. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5133" xml:space="preserve">On échancreles deux bouts de
              <lb/>
            l'alidade de maniere qu'ils conviennent aux diviſions des degrez du
              <lb/>
            limbe, comme on voit aux endroits marquez CF, GD, de telle ſorte
              <lb/>
            que la ligne GFEGD eſt la ligne de foi du demi-cercle.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5134" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5135" xml:space="preserve">Il eſt bon de remarquer que l'on ne commence pas à compter les
              <lb/>
            degrez de ce demi-cercle depuis le diametre, comme aux autres,
              <lb/>
            mais à l'endroit où ſe trouve l'échancrure de la ligne de foi, quand
              <lb/>
            </s>
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