Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
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              hollowed into a Scotia which lay between the
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              two Toruſſes. </s>
              <s>A Scotia conſiſts of a hollow
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              Channel edged on each Side with an Annulet;
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              to each of thoſe Annulets they allowed one
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              ſeventh Part of the Scotia, and the reſt they
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              hollowed. </s>
              <s>We have formerly laid it down as a
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              Rule, that in all Building particular Care muſt
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              be taken that all the Work be ſet upon a per­
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              fect Solid. </s>
              <s>Now it would not be ſo, if a Per­
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              pendicular falling from the Edge of the upper
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              Stone were to meet with any void Space or Hol­
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              low. </s>
              <s>For this Reaſon in cutting their Scotias,
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              they took Care not to go in ſo far as to come
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              within the Perpendicular of the Work above.
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              </s>
              <s>The Toruſſes muſt project one Half and an
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              Eighth of their Thickneſs, and the extremeſt
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              Edge of the Circle of the biggeſt Torus muſt
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              be exactly Perpendicular to the Die. </s>
              <s>This was
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              the Method of the
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              Dorians.
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              </s>
              <s> The
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              Ionians
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              ap­
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              proved of the
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              Doric
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              Height, but they made
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              two Scotias, and placed two Fillets between
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg21"/>
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              them. </s>
              <s>Thus their Baſe was the Height of
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              half the Diameter of the Bottom of the Shaft;
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              and this Height they divided into four Parts,
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              one of which they aſſigned to the Height of the
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              Plinth, giving eleven of thoſe fourth Parts to its
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              Breadth: So that the whole Height of the Baſe
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              was as four, and the Breadth as eleven. </s>
              <s>Ha­
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              ving thus deſigned their Plinth, they divided
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              the reſt of the Height into ſeven Parts, two of
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              which they gave to the Thickneſs of the lower
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              Torus, and what remained beſides this Torus
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              and the Plinth, they divided into three Parts,
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              one of which they hollowed to the upper To­
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              rus, and the two middle Parts they gave to the
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              two Scotias with their two Fillets, which ſeem­
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              ed to be ſqueezed between the two Toruſſes.
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              </s>
              <s>The Proportions of theſe Scotias and Fillets
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              were as follows: They divided the Space be­
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              tween the two Toruſſes into ſeven Parts, one
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              of which they gave to each Fillet, dividing the
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              reſt equally between the two Scotias. </s>
              <s>As to
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              the Projecture of the Toruſſes they obſerved
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              the ſame Rules as the
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              Dorians,
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              and in hollow­
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              ing their Scotias had regard to the Perpendi­
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              cular Solid of the Stone that was to be laid
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              over them; but they made their Annulets on­
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              ly an eighth Part of the Scotia. </s>
              <s>Others were
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              of Opinion, that excluſive of the Plinth, the
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              Baſe ought to be divided into ſixteen Parts,
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              which we call Minutes; and of theſe they gave
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              four to the lower Torus, and three to the upper,
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              three and a half to the lower Scotia, and three
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              and a half to the upper, and the other two
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              they aſſigned to the Fillets between them.
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              </s>
              <s>Theſe were the
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              Ionic
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              Proportions. </s>
              <s>The
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              Co­
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              rinthians
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              liked both the
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              Ionic
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              and the
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              Doric
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                <lb/>
              Baſe too, and made uſe indifferently of them
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              both; ſo that indeed they added nothing to the
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              Column, but a Capital. </s>
              <s>We are told that the
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Etrurians
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              under their Columns (which we call
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              the
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              Italian
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              ) uſed to put not a ſquare but a
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              round Plinth; but I never met with ſuch a
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              Baſe among the Works of the Ancients. </s>
              <s>In­
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              deed I have taken Notice, that in Porticoes
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              which uſed to go clear round their circular
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              Temples, the Ancients carved one continued
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              Plinth quite round, which ſerved for all the
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              Columns, and of the due Height which the
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              Plinth of the Baſe ought to be of. </s>
              <s>This I
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              doubt not they did, becauſe they were con­
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              vinced that ſquare Members did not ſuit with
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              a circular Structure. </s>
              <s>I have obſerved, that
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              ſome have made even the Sides of the Abacus
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              of their Capitals point to the Center of the
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              Temple, which, if it were to be done in the
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              Baſes, might not be altogether amiſs, though it
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              would ſcarce be much commended. </s>
              <s>And here
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              it may not be improper to ſay ſomething of the
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              ſeveral Members of the Ornaments made uſe
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              of in Architecture; and they are theſe; the
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              Plat-band, the Corona, the Ovolo, or Quarter­
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              round, the ſmall Ovolo, or Ogee, the Cima­
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              inverſa, and the Cymatium, or Doucine, both
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              upright and reverſed. </s>
              <s>All theſe particular
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              Members have each a Projecture, but with
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              different Lines. </s>
              <s>The Plat-band projects in a
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              Square like the Letter L, and is indeed the
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              ſame as a Liſt or Fillet, but ſomewhat broader.
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              </s>
              <s>The Corona has a much greater Projecture
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              than the Plat-band; the Ovolo, or Quarter­
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              round, I was almoſt tempted to call the Ivy,
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              becauſe it runs along and cleaves to another
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              Member, and its Projecture is like a C placed
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              under the Letter L, thus <30> and the ſmall Ovolo,
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              or Ogee is only ſomewhat leſs. </s>
              <s>But if you
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              place this Letter C reverſed under the Letter L,
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              thus <31> it forms the Cima-inverſa. </s>
              <s>Again, if
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              under the ſame Letter L you place an S in this
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              Manner <32> it is called the Cymatium, or Gola
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              from its Reſemblance to a Man's Throat; but
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              if you place it inverted thus <33> it is called Cima­
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              inverſa, or by ſome from the Similitude of its
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              Curve, the Onda, or Undula. </s>
              <s>Again, theſe
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              Members are either plain, or elſe have ſome
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              other Ornaments inſerted into them. </s>
              <s>In the
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              Plat-band or Faſcia it is common to carve
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              Cockle-ſhells, Birds, or Inſcriptions. </s>
              <s>In the
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              Corona we frequently have Dentils, which are
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              made in the following Proportions: Their
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              </s>
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