Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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<
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<
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<
chap
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<
pb
pagenum
="
140
"/>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>Both these surveyors, as well as the others, in the first place make use
<
lb
/>
of the haulage rope. </
s
>
<
s
>These they measure by means of others made of linden
<
lb
/>
bark, because the latter do not stretch at all, while the former become very
<
lb
/>
slack. </
s
>
<
s
>These cords they stretch on the surveyor's field, the first one to
<
lb
/>
represent the parts of mountain slopes which descend obliquely. </
s
>
<
s
>Then the
<
lb
/>
second cord, which represents the length of the tunnel to be driven to reach
<
lb
/>
the shaft, they place straight, in such a direction that one end of it can touch
<
lb
/>
the lower end of the first cord; then they similarly lay the third cord straight,
<
lb
/>
and in such a direction that its upper end may touch the upper end of
<
lb
/>
the first cord, and its lower end the other extremity of the second cord, and
<
lb
/>
thus a triangle is formed. </
s
>
<
s
>This third cord is measured by the instrument
<
lb
/>
with the index, to determine its relation to the perpendicular; and the length
<
lb
/>
of this cord shows the depth of the shaft.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>Some surveyors, to make their system of measuring the depth of a shaft
<
lb
/>
more certain, use five stretched cords: the first one descending obliquely;
<
lb
/>
two, that is to say the second and third, for ascertaining the length of the
<
lb
/>
tunnel; two for the depth of the shaft; in which way they form a quadrangle
<
lb
/>
divided into two equal triangles, and this tends to greater accuracy.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
figure
number
="
69
"/>
<
p
type
="
caption
">
<
s
>STRETCHED CORDS: A—FIRST. B—SECOND. B—THIRD. C—FOURTH. C—FIFTH.
<
lb
/>
D—QUADRANGLE.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>These systems of measuring the depth of a shaft and the length of a
<
lb
/>
tunnel, are accurate when the vein and also the shaft or shafts go down to the </
s
>
</
p
>
</
chap
>
</
body
>
</
text
>
</
archimedes
>