Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="140"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Both these surveyors, as well as the others, in the first place make use
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              of the haulage rope. </s>
              <s>These they measure by means of others made of linden
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              bark, because the latter do not stretch at all, while the former become very
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              slack. </s>
              <s>These cords they stretch on the surveyor's field, the first one to
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              represent the parts of mountain slopes which descend obliquely. </s>
              <s>Then the
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              second cord, which represents the length of the tunnel to be driven to reach
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              the shaft, they place straight, in such a direction that one end of it can touch
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              the lower end of the first cord; then they similarly lay the third cord straight,
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              and in such a direction that its upper end may touch the upper end of
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              the first cord, and its lower end the other extremity of the second cord, and
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              thus a triangle is formed. </s>
              <s>This third cord is measured by the instrument
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              with the index, to determine its relation to the perpendicular; and the length
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              of this cord shows the depth of the shaft.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Some surveyors, to make their system of measuring the depth of a shaft
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              more certain, use five stretched cords: the first one descending obliquely;
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              two, that is to say the second and third, for ascertaining the length of the
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              tunnel; two for the depth of the shaft; in which way they form a quadrangle
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              divided into two equal triangles, and this tends to greater accuracy.</s>
            </p>
            <figure number="69"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>STRETCHED CORDS: A—FIRST. B—SECOND. B—THIRD. C—FOURTH. C—FIFTH.
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              D—QUADRANGLE.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>These systems of measuring the depth of a shaft and the length of a
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              tunnel, are accurate when the vein and also the shaft or shafts go down to the </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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