Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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003/01/177.jpg
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144
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Breadth is one half of their Height, and the
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Interſpace between them is two thirds of their
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Breadth. </
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<
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>The Ovolo, or Quarter-round, is
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ſometimes adorned with Eggs and ſometimes
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with Leaves, and theſe Eggs are ſometimes
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carved entire, and ſometimes ſheared off at the
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Top. </
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<
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>The Ogee, or Baguette is make like a
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Row of Beads, ſtrung upon a Thread. </
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<
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>The
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Cymatiums are never carved with any thing
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but Leaves. </
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<
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>The Annulets are always left
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plain on every Side. </
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<
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>In the putting theſe
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Members together, we muſt always keep to
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this Rule, that the upper ones have always
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more Projecture than thoſe below them. </
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<
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>The
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Annulets are what ſeparate one Member from
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the other, and ſerve as a Kind of Cymaize to
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each Member; the Cymaize being any Liſt
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that is at the Top of any Member whatſoever.
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</
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<
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>Theſe Cymaizes, or Annulets being always
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ſmooth and poliſhed, are alſo of Uſe in diſtin
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guiſhing the rough carved Members from each
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other, and their Breadth is a ſixth Part of the
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Member over which they are ſet, whether it be
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the Corona or Ovolo; but in the Cymatium
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their Breadth is one whole third.</
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*</
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<
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>CHAP. VIII.</
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Of the Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Compoſite Capitals.
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<
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>Let us now return to the Capitals. </
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<
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>The
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Dorians
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made their Capital of the ſame
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Height as their Baſe, and divided that Height
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into three Parts: The Firſt they gave to the
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Abacus, the Second to the Ovolo which is un
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de rthe Abacus, and the Third they allowed to
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the Gorgerin or Neck of the Capital which is
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under the Ovolo. </
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<
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>The Breadth of the Abacus
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every Way was equal to one whole Diameter,
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and a twelfth of the Bottom of the Shaft. </
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<
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>This
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Abacus is divided into two Members, an up
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right Cymatium and a Plinth, and the Cyma
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tium is two fifth Parts of the whole Abacus.
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</
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<
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>The upper Edge of the Ovolo joyned cloſe to
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the Bottom of the Abacus. </
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<
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>At the Bottom of
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the Ovolo ſome made three little Annulets, and
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others a Cymatium as an Ornament, but theſe
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never took up above a third Part of the Ovolo.
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</
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<
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>The Diameter of the Neck of the Capital,
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which was the loweſt Part of it, never exceed
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ed the Thickneſs of the Top of the Shaſt,
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which is to be obſerved in all Sorts of Capitals.
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</
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<
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>Others, according to the Obſervations which I
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have made upon ancient Buildings, uſed to
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make the Height of the
<
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type
="
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Doric
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Capital three
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Quarters of the Diameter of the Bottom of the
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Shaft, and divided this whole Height of the
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Capital into eleven Parts, of which they allow
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ed four to the Abacus, four to the Ovolo, and
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three to the Neck of the Capital. </
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>
<
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>Then they
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divided the Abacus into two Parts, the up
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permoſt of which they gave to the Cymatium
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and the lowermoſt to the Plinth. </
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>
<
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>The Ovolo
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alſo they divided into two Parts, aſſigning the
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lowermoſt either to the Annulets or to a Cy
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matium, which ſerved as an Edging to the
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Ovolo, and in the Neck of the Capital ſome
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cut Roſes, and others Leaves with a high Pro
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jecture. </
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>
<
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>This was the Practice of the
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Dorians.
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Our Rules for the
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Ionic
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Capital are as follows.
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</
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<
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>Let the whole Height of the Capital be one
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half the Diameter of the Bottom of the Co
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lumn. </
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>
<
s
>Let us divide this Height into nineteen
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Parts, or Minutes, three of which we muſt give
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to the Abacus, four to the Thickneſs of the
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Volute, ſix to the Ovolo, and the other ſix be
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low we muſt leave for the Turn of the Volutes
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on each Side. </
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>
<
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>The Breadth of the Abacus
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every Way muſt be equal to the Diameter of
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the Top of the Shafts; the Breadth of the Rind
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which is to terminate in the Scroll muſt both
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in the Front and Back of the Capital be equal
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to the Abacus. </
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<
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>This Rind muſt fall down on
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each Side winding round like a Snail-ſhell.
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</
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>
<
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>The Center of the Volute on the right Side
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muſt be diſtant from that on the Left two
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and-thirty Minutes, and from the higheſt
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Point of the Abacus twelve Minutes. </
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>
<
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>The
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Method of turning this Volute is as follows:
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About the Center of the Volute deſcribe a lit
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tle Circle, the Semi-diameter of which muſt be
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one of the afore-mentioned Minutes. </
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>
<
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>This is
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the Eye of the Volute. </
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>
<
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>In the Circumference
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of this little Circle make two Points oppoſite
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to each other, one above and the other below.
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</
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>
<
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>Then fix one Foot of your Compaſſes into the
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uppermoſt Point, and extend the other to the
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Line that divides the Abacus from the Rind,
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and turn it outwards from the Capital till you
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have made a perfect Semi-circle ending Per
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pendicular under the loweſt Point or Dot in
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the Eye of the Volute. </
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>
<
s
>Then contract your
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</
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