Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/177.jpg" pagenum="144"/>
              Breadth is one half of their Height, and the
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              Interſpace between them is two thirds of their
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              Breadth. </s>
              <s>The Ovolo, or Quarter-round, is
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              ſometimes adorned with Eggs and ſometimes
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              with Leaves, and theſe Eggs are ſometimes
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              carved entire, and ſometimes ſheared off at the
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              Top. </s>
              <s>The Ogee, or Baguette is make like a
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              Row of Beads, ſtrung upon a Thread. </s>
              <s>The
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              Cymatiums are never carved with any thing
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              but Leaves. </s>
              <s>The Annulets are always left
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              plain on every Side. </s>
              <s>In the putting theſe
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              Members together, we muſt always keep to
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              this Rule, that the upper ones have always
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              more Projecture than thoſe below them. </s>
              <s>The
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              Annulets are what ſeparate one Member from
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              the other, and ſerve as a Kind of Cymaize to
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              each Member; the Cymaize being any Liſt
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              that is at the Top of any Member whatſoever.
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              </s>
              <s>Theſe Cymaizes, or Annulets being always
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              ſmooth and poliſhed, are alſo of Uſe in diſtin­
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              guiſhing the rough carved Members from each
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              other, and their Breadth is a ſixth Part of the
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              Member over which they are ſet, whether it be
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              the Corona or Ovolo; but in the Cymatium
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              their Breadth is one whole third.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg21"/>
              *</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. VIII.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of the Doric, Ionic, Corinthian and Compoſite Capitals.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Let us now return to the Capitals. </s>
              <s>The
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg22"/>
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Dorians
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              made their Capital of the ſame
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              Height as their Baſe, and divided that Height
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              into three Parts: The Firſt they gave to the
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              Abacus, the Second to the Ovolo which is un­
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              de rthe Abacus, and the Third they allowed to
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              the Gorgerin or Neck of the Capital which is
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              under the Ovolo. </s>
              <s>The Breadth of the Abacus
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              every Way was equal to one whole Diameter,
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              and a twelfth of the Bottom of the Shaft. </s>
              <s>This
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              Abacus is divided into two Members, an up­
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              right Cymatium and a Plinth, and the Cyma­
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              tium is two fifth Parts of the whole Abacus.
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              </s>
              <s>The upper Edge of the Ovolo joyned cloſe to
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              the Bottom of the Abacus. </s>
              <s>At the Bottom of
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              the Ovolo ſome made three little Annulets, and
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              others a Cymatium as an Ornament, but theſe
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              never took up above a third Part of the Ovolo.
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              </s>
              <s>The Diameter of the Neck of the Capital,
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              which was the loweſt Part of it, never exceed­
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              ed the Thickneſs of the Top of the Shaſt,
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              which is to be obſerved in all Sorts of Capitals.
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              </s>
              <s>Others, according to the Obſervations which I
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              have made upon ancient Buildings, uſed to
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              make the Height of the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Doric
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              Capital three
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              Quarters of the Diameter of the Bottom of the
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              Shaft, and divided this whole Height of the
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              Capital into eleven Parts, of which they allow­
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              ed four to the Abacus, four to the Ovolo, and
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              three to the Neck of the Capital. </s>
              <s>Then they
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              divided the Abacus into two Parts, the up­
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              permoſt of which they gave to the Cymatium
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              and the lowermoſt to the Plinth. </s>
              <s>The Ovolo
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              alſo they divided into two Parts, aſſigning the
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              lowermoſt either to the Annulets or to a Cy­
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              matium, which ſerved as an Edging to the
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              Ovolo, and in the Neck of the Capital ſome
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              cut Roſes, and others Leaves with a high Pro­
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              jecture. </s>
              <s>This was the Practice of the
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              Dorians.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg23"/>
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              Our Rules for the
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              Ionic
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              Capital are as follows.
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              </s>
              <s>Let the whole Height of the Capital be one
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              half the Diameter of the Bottom of the Co­
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              lumn. </s>
              <s>Let us divide this Height into nineteen
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              Parts, or Minutes, three of which we muſt give
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              to the Abacus, four to the Thickneſs of the
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              Volute, ſix to the Ovolo, and the other ſix be­
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              low we muſt leave for the Turn of the Volutes
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              on each Side. </s>
              <s>The Breadth of the Abacus
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              every Way muſt be equal to the Diameter of
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              the Top of the Shafts; the Breadth of the Rind
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              which is to terminate in the Scroll muſt both
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              in the Front and Back of the Capital be equal
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              to the Abacus. </s>
              <s>This Rind muſt fall down on
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              each Side winding round like a Snail-ſhell.
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              </s>
              <s>The Center of the Volute on the right Side
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              muſt be diſtant from that on the Left two­
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              and-thirty Minutes, and from the higheſt
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              Point of the Abacus twelve Minutes. </s>
              <s>The
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              Method of turning this Volute is as follows:
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              About the Center of the Volute deſcribe a lit­
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              tle Circle, the Semi-diameter of which muſt be
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              one of the afore-mentioned Minutes. </s>
              <s>This is
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              the Eye of the Volute. </s>
              <s>In the Circumference
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              of this little Circle make two Points oppoſite
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              to each other, one above and the other below.
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              </s>
              <s>Then fix one Foot of your Compaſſes into the
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              uppermoſt Point, and extend the other to the
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              Line that divides the Abacus from the Rind,
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              and turn it outwards from the Capital till you
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              have made a perfect Semi-circle ending Per­
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              pendicular under the loweſt Point or Dot in
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              the Eye of the Volute. </s>
              <s>Then contract your
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              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
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