Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.008083">
                <pb pagenum="529" xlink:href="016/01/178.jpg"/>
              ſunt vndequaque, nec inane habent quic­
                <lb/>
              quam præter exiguum foramen, quod pro­
                <lb/>
              prium eſt dentibus. </s>
              <s id="s.008084">Cornua verò vacua ſunt
                <lb/>
              intus, vt in bobus ſpectare licet. </s>
              <s id="s.008085">Nullum
                <lb/>
              etiam animal eſt cornibus præditum, niſi
                <lb/>
              quòd vngulas habet, & bifidas, vt cerui, ca­
                <lb/>
              preoli, boues, capræ: at elephas neque vn­
                <lb/>
              gulam habet in pedibus, ſed digitos: nec
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              bifidos, ſed in quinque partes diſtinctos.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.008086">Talia nugantur Græci ſtupore maximo le­
                <lb/>
              uitatis, & imperitiæ: nam prima ratio di­
                <lb/>
              centium cornua eſſe, adeò abſurda eſt, vt
                <lb/>
              oppoſita ſuppoſita aſſumant ad idem con­
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              cludendum. </s>
              <s id="s.008087">Alter enim ſcilicet Iuba vult,
                <lb/>
              nunquam mutari elephantorum dentes, Pau­
                <lb/>
              ſanias vult mutari: nec ſi alterutrum conce­
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              datur, quicquam concludere poteſt, cùm
                <lb/>
              tam dentium, quàm cornuum quædam mu­
                <lb/>
              tentur, quædam nunquam: vt in cornibus
                <lb/>
              cerui mutantur, boum non mutantur. </s>
              <s id="s.008088">In
                <lb/>
              dentibus apri fulmina non mutantur, nec
                <lb/>
              molares anteriores autem mutantur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.008089">Illud verò ſtuporis ingentis argumentum
                <lb/>
              quod Philoſtratus dicit, dentes elephanto­
                <lb/>
              rum ob id mereri dentes appellari, quòd
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              ſolidi ſint, non inanes, vt cornua: primùm
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              quòd non omnia cornua ſunt inania, imò
                <lb/>
              pleraque ſolidiora, vt caprarum & ceruo­
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              rum: inania ſunt boum & bubalorum. </s>
              <s id="s.008090">Dein­
                <lb/>
              de quod maius eſt, quodque illum arguit
                <lb/>
              adeò fuiſſe in ſcribenda illa fabella negli­
                <lb/>
              gentem, & oſcitantem, vt nunquam ne
                <lb/>
              dentem elephantis viderit, cuius ſemper
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              maxima fuit copia, vt audeat dicere, ele­
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              phantorum dentes non eſſe intus vacuos,
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              cùm manifeſtè ſint vacui, vt aprorum ful­
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              mina tota illa parte qua tempori inſerun­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.008091">Sed neque dentes omnes ſolidi ſunt,
                <lb/>
              quod ille præſupponit, cùm dentes ( vt di­
                <lb/>
              xi) aprorum, qui prominent tota ea parte,
                <lb/>
              qua mandibulæ iunguntur, ſint inanes &
                <lb/>
              vacui. </s>
              <s id="s.008092">Itaque pudet iam tantæ ſtupiditatis
                <lb/>
              illorum: tum verò quæſitum illud nullius
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              propemodum vſus, & quod à ſubſtantia rei
                <lb/>
              quærendum erat: nam duobus verbis res
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              abſolui potuit. </s>
              <s id="s.008093">Conſtat enim eſſe dentes:
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              nam ſubſtantia eſt alba, minimè perſpicua,
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              nec flecti ſponte apta: ſed ſi cogatur, rum­
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              pitur. </s>
              <s id="s.008094">Ecce quod habes quæſiti propriam
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              diſſolutionem atque perutilem. </s>
              <s id="s.008095">At igne ta­
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              men ducitur:
                <expan abbr="cõcedo">concedo</expan>
              , docebimus & oſſa igne
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              duci, ſed non adeò faciliter vt cornua. </s>
              <s id="s.008096">Illud
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              potiùs præſtabat quærere, cur elephas tali
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              ſit forma præditus, atque eò maximè quòd
                <lb/>
              dentes maris prorſum cauitate reſpiciunt, </s>
            </p>
            <figure id="id.016.01.178.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/178/1.jpg" number="79"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s id="s.008097">
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fœmina,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <figure id="id.016.01.178.2.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/178/2.jpg" number="80"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s id="s.008098">
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Mas,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              fœminæ autem gibba, vt in figura vides. </s>
              <s id="s.008099">Hoc
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              de fœmina nos haud vidimus, ſed credimus
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              Ariſtoteli conſtanter id affirmanti. </s>
              <s id="s.008100">Quæren­
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              dum eſt igitur hoc diligenter: neque enim
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              obiter hæc naturam feciſſe credendum eſt,
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              ſed magna cum neceſſitate, maioreque ſa­
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              pientia. </s>
              <s id="s.008101">Hoc autem fieri non poteſt, niſi
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              propoſito fine. </s>
              <s id="s.008102">Eſt autem finis, vt poſte­
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              riùs docebimus, naturæ optimam aſſequi
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              perfectionem in cunctis: id autem eſt aſſi­
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              milari diis, vt ita dicam. </s>
              <s id="s.008103">Illi autem præci­
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              puè præcellunt longitudine vitæ, probita­
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              te, beatitudine, ſapientia, & ſecuritate, Na­
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              turæ igitur conatus erat vt animal ſimile
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              quanto magis poſſet effingere. </s>
              <s id="s.008104">Vt igitur
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              longæuum eſſet, principiis vitæ plurimùm
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              indigebat: ea ſunt calor & humidum. </s>
              <s id="s.008105">Si­
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              militer & magnitudine, non ſolùm vt tu­
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              tum eſſet ab iniuria cunctorum aliorum
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              animalium, ſed vt aëris violentiæ reſi­
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              ſteret. </s>
              <s id="s.008106">Nullum enim animal paruum po­
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              teſt eſſe valde longæuum. </s>
              <s id="s.008107">Nam ſi tenuium
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              ſit partium, ab aëris circumambientis aſ­
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              ſidua pulſatione atteritur, & diſſipatur. </s>
              <s id="s.008108">Quòd
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              ſi craſſa ſit ſubſtantia, ſpontè citò interit, vt
                <lb/>
              boues. </s>
              <s id="s.008109">Erat & magnitudo ad ſecuritatem
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              commoda, ſicut & bonitas temperamenti ad
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              ſapientiam ſimul & vitæ longitudinem, ac
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              probitatem neceſſaria erat. </s>
              <s id="s.008110">At vt calor &
                <lb/>
              humidum abundaret, in calidis regionibus
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              ipſum naſci oportuit, & habitare in palu­
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              ſtribus locis: quò fit, vt in India ſolùm &
                <lb/>
              Africa inueniatur: nam hæ ſunt calidiſſimæ
                <lb/>
              regiones: Indique multò robore & mole
                <lb/>
              corporis Africos
                <expan abbr="antecellãt">antecellant</expan>
              , quia India aquis
                <lb/>
              abundet: Africa autem aridior ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.008111">Opor­
                <lb/>
              tuit autem vt plantis, & fructibus, & herbis
                <lb/>
              veſceretur, nam aliter probum animal eſſe
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              non potuiſſet: animalia enim omnia quæ
                <lb/>
              carne veſcuntur, ſunt iracunda, fraudulenta,
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              crudelia & ſuperba. </s>
              <s id="s.008112">Accedebat quòd tantæ
                <lb/>
              moli plurimus fuiſſet neceſſarius cibus, vt
                <lb/>
              vel perpetuò eſurire, vel animalia cuncta
                <lb/>
              deſtruere cogeretur. </s>
              <s id="s.008113">Erat etiam neceſſarium,
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              vt in perpetuo motu ad perſequendas feras
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              eſſet quòd tantæ moli fuiſſet incommodum:
                <lb/>
              Sed herbæ tamen cùm exigui ſint alimen­
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              ti, breuem vitam effeciſſent, vt inquit Hip­
                <lb/>
              pocrates: quamobrem oportebat eum trun­
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              cis arborum & fructibus veſci. </s>
              <s id="s.008114">At his terræ
                <lb/>
              plurimùm admiſcetur, & lapillorum quan­
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              doque, ob id neceſſarium fuit, vt illius cor­
                <lb/>
              pus à talium eſu haud offenderetur, aliter
                <lb/>
              perpetuò ægrotaſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.008115">Non igitur terra aut
                <lb/>
              lapidibus deuoratis offenditur. </s>
              <s id="s.008116">At fructus
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              & rami arborum perſæpe altiores ſunt, quàm
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              vt animal efficere poſſet tantæ magnitudi­
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              nis quod poſſet illos attingere: duritie igi­
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              tur capitis proboſcidiſque & dentibus illum
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              muniuit ad euertendas arbores. </s>
              <s id="s.008117">Adiuuat &
                <lb/>
              proboſcidis longitudo ad decerpendos fru­
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              ctus & ramos, ne vniuerſas arbores euer­
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              tere cogeretur, quòd illi laborioſum fuiſſet,
                <lb/>
              atque damnoſum, nec ſolùm ipſi, ſed aliis,
                <lb/>
              ſublato alimento in poſterum. </s>
              <s id="s.008118">Vt ve­
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              rò tutum eſſet à leonibus, dentes illos
                <lb/>
              effecit: nam cornua inepta erant prop­
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              ter duas cauſas: tum quia coguntur col­
                <lb/>
              lum inflectere, tum quia hoſtem non
                <lb/>
              tam bene vident. </s>
              <s id="s.008119">At colli flexura lon­
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              gitudinem expoſtulat: vt igitur eſſet ro­
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              buſtiſſimum, collo breui opus fuit, ac
                <lb/>
              minimè flexili: vnde & leones ceruicem
                <lb/>
              rarò, aut parum flectunt. </s>
              <s id="s.008120">Eſtque id
                <lb/>
              etiam ſignum in hominibus, ſi à natura </s>
            </p>
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