Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.008199">
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              piendum, data fuêre: dum enim in arena
                <lb/>
              reliquum corpus latitat, cornua vt ceſpitum
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              germina prominent, itaque non ad defenſio­
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              nem & pugnam, ſed ( vt dixi ) ad fallen­
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              dum. </s>
              <s id="s.008200">Eadem ratio in his quæ inſecta di­
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              cuntur cornuum fuit, aut alia omnia præ­
                <lb/>
              terquàm pugnæ, niſi quibuſdam ſcarabeo­
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              rum generibus: certum eſt & illis, & aliis,
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              ſi qua ſunt, quæ cornibus pugnent, nam
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              ſcarabei mobilia habent, ea quæ pro ar­
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              mis illis ſunt, tantùm duo eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.008201">Referunt
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              etiam quædam eſſe animalia pluribus prædi­
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              ta generibus cornuum atque diuerſis, quæ
                <lb/>
              etiam à diuerſis animalium generibus pro­
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              creata eſſe exiſtimandum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.008202">Sed vt ad prio­
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              rem diuiſionem reuertar, cornua ceruis ra­
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              moſa ſunt, & tarandis in eodem genere
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              Scythicis. </s>
              <s id="s.008203">Capreoli ramoſa habent etiam,
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              & ( vt dixi ) hæc multorum cornuum loco
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1137"/>
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              ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.008204">Quæcunque igitur ramoſa habent
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              cornua, eadem multa quaſi habent: hoc
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              enim naturæ intentum. </s>
              <s id="s.008205">Atque hæc eadem
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              ſolida habet neceſſariò & dura: eadem timi­
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              da ſunt, & ſtulta, & velocia pedibus. </s>
              <s id="s.008206">De­
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              monſtrandum eſt igitur hoc. </s>
              <s id="s.008207">In omnibus
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              autem demonſtrationibus aſſumere debe­
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              mus tria ſuppoſita. </s>
              <s id="s.008208">Primùm quidem, quòd
                <lb/>
              natura omnia membra diuiſionis impleuit,
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              quoad licuit, aliter inſipiens fuiſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.008209">Nam
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              cùm decretum eſſet ornare mundum, non
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              melius id facere poterat, quàm ſi omne
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              genus animalium quod ſub prima diuiſione
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              continetur fabricaret, non ſecus ac ſi hor­
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              tum inſtruat, atque illum floribus omnis
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              generis exornet. </s>
              <s id="s.008210">Secundum eſt, naturam
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              animalium, quæ non adeò munita ſit, vt
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              ſtare poſſit, neceſſariò deficere: nec ob id
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              talium animalium ſpeciem vllam ſupereſſe:
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              omnibus igitur ſpeciebus tantum eſt, quan­
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              tum ad earum tutelam ſufficiat. </s>
              <s id="s.008211">Tertium,
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              animalia ſui ipſius gratia, atque vniuerſi or­
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              natus cauſa, non aliorum, genita fuiſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.008212">Id
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              igitur ſupponentes, cùm decretum eſſet
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              animalia cornibus quaſi arboribus munita
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              facere, & primum diuiſionis membrum
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              abſoluere, neceſſe fuit primùm non plura
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              duobus eſſe, ſed ramoſa: ramoſa autem
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              dura, & ſolida, ne frangerentur: cùm
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              enim non viuant, nam venis & neruis
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              oportuiſſet eſſe prædita, atque adeò mol­
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              lia, at mollia pugnæ apta non fuiſſent,
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              flecti non poterant: ob id igitur dura ne­
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              ceſſariò fuerunt. </s>
              <s id="s.008213">Molle enim omne inep­
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              tum nixibus, niſi ſit flexile: flexile au­
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              tem humidum & viuens, vt rami arbo­
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              rum. </s>
              <s id="s.008214">Vnde ligna aut ſicca ſunt, cùm non
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              viuunt, aut flexilia quæcunque ſunt dura.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.008215">Cornua igitur & dura, & ſicca neceſſa­
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              riò fuerunt & ſolida: nam ex inani, ne­
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              que ſolidum quicquam naſci poteſt, nec
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              inane quod firmum ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.008216">Cornua igitur ra­
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              moſa, ſolida ſunt, & ſicca, & dura. </s>
              <s id="s.008217">Qua­
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              propter cùm ex cerebro talis materia ef­
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              fundatur, & ex ſanguine generetur, ſan­
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              guinem & cerebrum ſiccum habebunt, &
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              multo elemento terreo abundans. </s>
              <s id="s.008218">Tale au­
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              tem omne crudum eſſe demonſtrauimus:
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              ob id igitur ſtulta omnia talia ſunt, & ti­
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              mida: hi enim affectus ſunt melancholiæ,
                <lb/>
              ſeu in cerebro, ſeu in ſanguine abundan­
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              tis. </s>
              <s id="s.008219">Cùm igitur ſtulta, ac timida ſint, per­
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              nicia eſſe oportuit, vt ſeruarentur: nam (vt
                <lb/>
              diximus) quæ ſeruari non poſſunt, ſpeciem
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              non conſtituunt. </s>
              <s id="s.008220">Fiunt, & velocia, conſuetu­
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              dine & metu. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.008221">
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              Boues Ae­
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              thiopici.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.008222">
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              Buffali.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.008223">
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              Cur quædam
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              animalia
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              vnum, quæ­
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              dam duos &
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              quædam plu­
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              ra habeant
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              cornua, & de
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              illorum na­
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              tura.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.008224">
                <margin.target id="marg1137"/>
              Animalia
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              omnia
                <expan abbr="habẽ-tia">haben­
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                tia</expan>
              cornua,
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              ramoſa, dura
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              ac ſolida ha­
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              bent, & ſunt
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              ſtulta ac ti­
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              mida.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.008225">Quæcunque verò duobus tantùm corni­
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              bus, atque his ſolidis armantur, & ipſa ſtul­
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              ta ſunt, & timida, & cornua habent dura
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1138"/>
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              ſiccaque. </s>
              <s id="s.008226">Sed non adeò timida, neque adeò
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              ſtulta pernicia ſunt & hæc, ob cauſas di­
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              ctas. </s>
              <s id="s.008227">Sunt autem in hoc genere multa, ca­
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              præ, damæ, capricorni, ſeu ibices colore
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              cinereo, in iugis montium viuentes, qui
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              niſi locis frigidiſſimis viuant, obcæcantur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.008228">Horum cornua quandoque octodecim ha­
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              bent internodia, ſingulis ( vt creditur ) no­
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              dis annum deſinantibus. </s>
              <s id="s.008229">Cornuum verò ma­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1139"/>
                <lb/>
              gnitudo quandoque pondus librarum 14. ſu­
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              perat: vnde vaſa ad bibendum fiunt grati
                <lb/>
              vſus. </s>
              <s id="s.008230">Vidimus Sicini & in villa B. Mauri­
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              tij, ſeu apud Seduſios & Antuertes: niger­
                <lb/>
              rima autem ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.008231">Damæ verò leues & ca­
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              pris ſimiles in Germania latiora habent cor­
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              nua, quoniam ſicca & debilia animalia, te­
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              nuiora redduntur à frigore: latum verò im­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1140"/>
                <lb/>
              becille, vt teres robuſtum. </s>
              <s id="s.008232">Hæc igitur in ru­
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              pibus degunt, quia neque grauantur corni­
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              bus in capite, neque ad leuitatem & firmi­
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              tatem quicquam deeſt, cùm ſint ſicciſſima.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.008233">Capræ autem dociliores ſunt ramoſa geren­
                <lb/>
              tibus cornua, adeò vt viderim capram edo­
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              ctam ſcandere ſeptem tubulos ligneos vno
                <lb/>
              ſuper alterum impoſito, donec ac laquearia
                <lb/>
              ſcanderet. </s>
              <s id="s.008234">Ferrandus enim Turca olim, nunc
                <lb/>
              Chriſtianus factus, tubulum offerebat li­
                <lb/>
              gneum erectum pugni, nec ampliùs latitu­
                <lb/>
              dine, illa primùm pedem vnum, deinde alte­
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              rum ex anterioribus imponebat, pòſt poſte­
                <lb/>
              riores ordine eodem: vbi conſcendiſſet, of­
                <lb/>
              ferebat Ferrandus tubulum alium,
                <expan abbr="ſupponẽs">ſupponens</expan>
                <lb/>
              pedi: inde illa ſenſim alterum ex anteriori­
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              bus imponebat, atque poſteriores eodem
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              modo, donec ſenſim etiam tubulus tubulo
                <lb/>
              ſuperſtaret. </s>
              <s id="s.008235">Illo verò continente tubulos vſ­
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              que ad ſeptimum, eodem modo capra aſcen­
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              debat, donec ſub laquearibus fermè dorſo
                <lb/>
              conſiſteret. </s>
              <s id="s.008236">Itaque non tam indocile vide­
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              tur hoc animal, vt doceri omninò nequeat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.008237">Quin imò eadem ſuper lateres ordine diſ­
                <lb/>
              poſitos tranſire didicerat, imitatrix ma­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1141"/>
                <lb/>
              giſtri ſui, qui funambulus erat. </s>
              <s id="s.008238">Oderunt ca­
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              præ proprietate naturæ hominis ſaliuam,
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              nec quicquam edunt quod ab homine priùs
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              deguſtatum fuerit, contraria lacertatum na­
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              tura, quæ auidè lambunt eam. </s>
              <s id="s.008239">Sed vt capra
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1142"/>
                <lb/>
              inter habentia cornua ſolida docilior eſt, ita
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              rangiferi inter habentia plura, ramoſaque.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.008240">Cicurant eos in Laponia captos: naſcuntur
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              enim ibi, & eſſedis iunguntur, ſuperantque
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              equorum loco 150. millia paſſuum in die:
                <lb/>
              ſunt enim corpore robuſtiore, cornibus au­
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              tem tenuioribus quàm cerui. </s>
              <s id="s.008241">Et forſan duo
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              tantùm cornua habent ſecundum naturam:
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              plura autem, vt in veruecibus
                <expan abbr="dictũ">dictum</expan>
              eſt, caſu:
                <lb/>
              vel cùm ramoſa ſint, & ramis frequentiori­
                <lb/>
              bus fulta, quàm cerui, creditum eſt fruſtra
                <lb/>
              plures ordines habere cornuum. </s>
              <s id="s.008242">Aut velut in
                <lb/>
              plantis quæ germinant vberius, vt poma ac
                <lb/>
              auellana, rami è pede & ſurculi prodeunt, qui
                <lb/>
              è ſtolonibus naſci conſueuere: ita è radice </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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