Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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division of the compass—that is at a right angle. </
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<
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>Then that part
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of the lowest cord which lies beyond the part to which the cross-cord
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runs being removed, it shows at what point the boundary mark should
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be cut into the rock of the tunnel or drift. </
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<
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>The cutting is made in the
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presence of the two Jurors and the manager and the foreman of each
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mine. </
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<
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>For as the
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Bergmeíster
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in the presence of these same persons sets
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the boundary stones on the surface, so the surveyor cuts in the rock a sign
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which for this reason is called the boundary rock. </
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<
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>If he fixes the boundary
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mark of a meer in which a shaft has recently begun to be sunk on a vein,
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first of all he measures and notes the incline of that shaft by the com
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pass or by another way with the applied cords; then he measures all
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the drifts up to that one in whose rock the boundary mark has to
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be cut. </
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<
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>Of these drifts he measures each angle; then the cords, being
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laid out on the surveyor's field, in a similar way he stretches a cross
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cord, as I said, and cuts the sign on the rock. </
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<
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>But if the underground
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boundary rock has to be cut in a drift which lies beneath the first drift, the
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surveyor starts from the mark in the first drift, notes the different angles,
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one by one, takes his measurements, and in the lower drift stretches a cord
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beyond that place where he judges the mark ought to be cut; and then,
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as I said before, lays out the cords on the surveyor's field. </
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<
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>Even if a vein
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runs differently in the lower drift from the upper one, in which the first
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boundary mark has been cut in the rock, still, in the lower drift the mark
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must be cut in the rock vertically beneath. </
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<
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>For if he cuts the lower mark
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obliquely from the upper one some part of the possession of one mine is
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taken away to its detriment, and given to the other. </
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<
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>Moreover, if it
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happens that the underground boundary mark requires to be cut in an
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angle, the surveyor, starting from that angle, measures one fathom toward
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the front of the mine and another fathom toward the back, and from these
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measurements forms a triangle, and dividing its middle by a cross-cord,
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makes his cutting for the boundary mark.</
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<
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>Lastly, the surveyor sometimes, in order to make more certain, finds the
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boundary of the meers in those places where many old boundary marks
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are cut in the rock. </
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<
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>Then, starting from a stake fixed on the surface,
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he first of all measures to the nearest mine; then he measures one shaft
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after another; then he fixes a stake on the surveyors' field, and making
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a beginning from it stretches the same cords in the same way and measures
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them, and again fixes in the ground a stake which for him will signify the end
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of his measuring. </
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<
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>Afterward he again measures underground from that
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spot at which he left off, as many shafts and drifts as he can remember. </
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<
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>Then
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he returns to the surveyor's field, and starting again from the second stake,
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makes his measurements; and he does this as far as the drift in which the
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boundary mark must be cut in the rock. </
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>
<
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>Finally, commencing from the
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stake first fixed in the ground, he stretches a cross-cord in a straight line to
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the last stake, and this shows the length of the lowest drift. </
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<
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>The point
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where they touch, he judges to be the place where the underground boundary
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mark should be cut.</
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<
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>END OF BOOK V.</
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