Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="148"/>
              division of the compass—that is at a right angle. </s>
              <s>Then that part
                <lb/>
              of the lowest cord which lies beyond the part to which the cross-cord
                <lb/>
              runs being removed, it shows at what point the boundary mark should
                <lb/>
              be cut into the rock of the tunnel or drift. </s>
              <s>The cutting is made in the
                <lb/>
              presence of the two Jurors and the manager and the foreman of each
                <lb/>
              mine. </s>
              <s>For as the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Bergmeíster
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in the presence of these same persons sets
                <lb/>
              the boundary stones on the surface, so the surveyor cuts in the rock a sign
                <lb/>
              which for this reason is called the boundary rock. </s>
              <s>If he fixes the boundary
                <lb/>
              mark of a meer in which a shaft has recently begun to be sunk on a vein,
                <lb/>
              first of all he measures and notes the incline of that shaft by the com­
                <lb/>
              pass or by another way with the applied cords; then he measures all
                <lb/>
              the drifts up to that one in whose rock the boundary mark has to
                <lb/>
              be cut. </s>
              <s>Of these drifts he measures each angle; then the cords, being
                <lb/>
              laid out on the surveyor's field, in a similar way he stretches a cross­
                <lb/>
              cord, as I said, and cuts the sign on the rock. </s>
              <s>But if the underground
                <lb/>
              boundary rock has to be cut in a drift which lies beneath the first drift, the
                <lb/>
              surveyor starts from the mark in the first drift, notes the different angles,
                <lb/>
              one by one, takes his measurements, and in the lower drift stretches a cord
                <lb/>
              beyond that place where he judges the mark ought to be cut; and then,
                <lb/>
              as I said before, lays out the cords on the surveyor's field. </s>
              <s>Even if a vein
                <lb/>
              runs differently in the lower drift from the upper one, in which the first
                <lb/>
              boundary mark has been cut in the rock, still, in the lower drift the mark
                <lb/>
              must be cut in the rock vertically beneath. </s>
              <s>For if he cuts the lower mark
                <lb/>
              obliquely from the upper one some part of the possession of one mine is
                <lb/>
              taken away to its detriment, and given to the other. </s>
              <s>Moreover, if it
                <lb/>
              happens that the underground boundary mark requires to be cut in an
                <lb/>
              angle, the surveyor, starting from that angle, measures one fathom toward
                <lb/>
              the front of the mine and another fathom toward the back, and from these
                <lb/>
              measurements forms a triangle, and dividing its middle by a cross-cord,
                <lb/>
              makes his cutting for the boundary mark.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Lastly, the surveyor sometimes, in order to make more certain, finds the
                <lb/>
              boundary of the meers in those places where many old boundary marks
                <lb/>
              are cut in the rock. </s>
              <s>Then, starting from a stake fixed on the surface,
                <lb/>
              he first of all measures to the nearest mine; then he measures one shaft
                <lb/>
              after another; then he fixes a stake on the surveyors' field, and making
                <lb/>
              a beginning from it stretches the same cords in the same way and measures
                <lb/>
              them, and again fixes in the ground a stake which for him will signify the end
                <lb/>
              of his measuring. </s>
              <s>Afterward he again measures underground from that
                <lb/>
              spot at which he left off, as many shafts and drifts as he can remember. </s>
              <s>Then
                <lb/>
              he returns to the surveyor's field, and starting again from the second stake,
                <lb/>
              makes his measurements; and he does this as far as the drift in which the
                <lb/>
              boundary mark must be cut in the rock. </s>
              <s>Finally, commencing from the
                <lb/>
              stake first fixed in the ground, he stretches a cross-cord in a straight line to
                <lb/>
              the last stake, and this shows the length of the lowest drift. </s>
              <s>The point
                <lb/>
              where they touch, he judges to be the place where the underground boundary
                <lb/>
              mark should be cut.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>END OF BOOK V.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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