Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
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              may ſuffice for thoſe Colonades which are to
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              be covered with Architraves; of thoſe which are
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              to ſupport Arches we ſhall ſpeak by and by,
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              when we come to treat of the Baſilique. </s>
              <s>There
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              are only ſome few Particulars more relating to
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              Colonades of this Sort, which ought by no
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              Means to be omitted. </s>
              <s>It is certain that a Co­
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              lumn which ſtands in the open Air, always
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              ſeems ſmaller than one that is under Cover, and
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              the more Flutings there are in its Shaft, the
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              Thicker it will appear. </s>
              <s>For this Reaſon we
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              are adviſed either to make thoſe fluted Co­
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              lumns that ſtand in the open Air ſomewhat
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              thicker, or elſe to encreaſe the Number of the
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg29"/>
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              Channels. </s>
              <s>Theſe Channels are made either
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              direct along the Shaft, or elſe run ſpiral about
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              it. </s>
              <s>The
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              Dorians
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              made them direct along the
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              Shaft. </s>
              <s>Theſe Channels are called by Archi­
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              tects Striæ, and among the
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              Dorians
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              they were
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              in Number Twenty. </s>
              <s>Others made Twenty­
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              four. </s>
              <s>Others ſeparated theſe Channels by ſmall
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              Liſts, which were never more than a third, nor
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              leſs than a fourth Part of the Groove of the
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              Fluting, and theſe Flutings were a ſemi-circu­
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              lar Concave. </s>
              <s>In the
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              Doric
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              Order the Flut­
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              ings are plain without any Liſt, with very little
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              hollow, or at moſt but the Quarter of a Circle,
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              terminating the Channels in an Angle. </s>
              <s>For
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              the lower third Part of the Shaft of the Co­
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              lumn, they generally filled their Flutings with
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              a Cable, to make the Column ſtronger, and
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              leſs liable to Injuries. </s>
              <s>Thoſe Flutings which
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              run direct along the Shaft, make the Column
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              appear to the Eye of the Beholder thicker than
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              it really is. </s>
              <s>Thoſe Channels that run ſpiral
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              about the Shaft, vary it too; but the leſs they
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              ſwerve from the Perpendicular of the Column,
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              the Thicker the Column will appear. </s>
              <s>They
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              muſt round clear round the Column never
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              more than three Times, nor ever make leſs than
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              one compleat Revolution. </s>
              <s>Whatever Flutings
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              you make, they muſt always run from the Bot­
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              tom to the Top of the Shaft in even and con­
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              tinued Lines, with an equal Hollow all the
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              Way. </s>
              <s>The Sides of the Builder's Square will
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              ſerve us as a Guide for making our Channels.
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              </s>
              <s>There is a mathematical Line, which being
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              drawn from any certain Point of the Circum­
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              ference of a Semi-circle to the End of its Dia­
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              meter is called a right Angle, which is the ſame
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              as the Builder's Square. </s>
              <s>Having then marked
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              out the Sides of your Flutings, ſink them ſo
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              deep in the Middle, that the Angle of your
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              Square may touch the Bottom and its two Sides
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              of the Lips of them at the ſame Time. </s>
              <s>At
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              each End of the Shaft of a fluted Column, you
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              muſt leave a proper Diſtance plain between the
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              Channels and the Cincture at one End, and
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              the Aſtragal at the other. </s>
              <s>We are told, that
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              all round the Temple of
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              Memphis
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              , inſtead of
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              Columns, they made uſe of Coloſſal Statues
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              eighteen Foot high. </s>
              <s>In other Places they had
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              wreathed Columns twiſted round with Ten­
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              drils and Vine-leaves carved in Relief, and
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              with the Figures of little Birds here and there
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              interſperſed. </s>
              <s>But the plain Column is much
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              more agreeable to the Majeſty of a Temple.
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              </s>
              <s>There are certain Dimentions which are great
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              Helps to the Workmen in the placing of their
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              Columns, and theſe are taken from the Num­
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              ber of the Columns themſelves that are to be
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg30"/>
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              uſed in the Structure. </s>
              <s>Thus, for Inſtance, to
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              begin with the
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              Dorians
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              ; when they had four
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              Columns for the Front of their Building, they
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              divided the Front of the Platform into ſeven­
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              and-twenty Parts. </s>
              <s>If they had ſix Columns,
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              they divided it into one-and-forty, and if eight
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              into ſix-and-fifty, and of theſe Parts they al­
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              lowed two for the Thickneſs of each Column.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg31"/>
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              But in
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              Ionic
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              Structures where four Columns are
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              to be uſed, the Front of the Platform muſt be
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              divided into eleven Parts and a half; where
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              theſe are to be ſix, into eighteen, and where
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              eight, into four-and-twenty and a half; whereof
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              only one Part muſt be given to the Thickneſs
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              of each Column.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
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              *</s>
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              <s>
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              *</s>
            </p>
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              <s>
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              *</s>
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              <s>
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              *</s>
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              <s>
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              *</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. X.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of the Pavement of the Temple and its inner Area, of the Place for the Al­
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              tar, and of the Walls and their Ornaments.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>It is the moſt approved Taſte to aſcend to
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              the Floor of the Temple and to the inner
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              Area by ſome Number of Steps, and to have
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              the Place where the Altar is to be fixed, raiſed
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              higher than the Reſt. </s>
              <s>The Apertures and En­
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              trance to the Chapels on the Sides were ſome­
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              times left quite open without any Incloſure
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              whatſoever, and ſometimes ſhut in with two
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              </s>
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