1may ſuffice for thoſe Colonades which are to
be covered with Architraves; of thoſe which are
to ſupport Arches we ſhall ſpeak by and by,
when we come to treat of the Baſilique. There
are only ſome few Particulars more relating to
Colonades of this Sort, which ought by no
Means to be omitted. It is certain that a Co
lumn which ſtands in the open Air, always
ſeems ſmaller than one that is under Cover, and
the more Flutings there are in its Shaft, the
Thicker it will appear. For this Reaſon we
are adviſed either to make thoſe fluted Co
lumns that ſtand in the open Air ſomewhat
thicker, or elſe to encreaſe the Number of the
Channels. Theſe Channels are made either
direct along the Shaft, or elſe run ſpiral about
it. The Dorians made them direct along the
Shaft. Theſe Channels are called by Archi
tects Striæ, and among the Dorians they were
in Number Twenty. Others made Twenty
four. Others ſeparated theſe Channels by ſmall
Liſts, which were never more than a third, nor
leſs than a fourth Part of the Groove of the
Fluting, and theſe Flutings were a ſemi-circu
lar Concave. In the Doric Order the Flut
ings are plain without any Liſt, with very little
hollow, or at moſt but the Quarter of a Circle,
terminating the Channels in an Angle. For
the lower third Part of the Shaft of the Co
lumn, they generally filled their Flutings with
a Cable, to make the Column ſtronger, and
leſs liable to Injuries. Thoſe Flutings which
run direct along the Shaft, make the Column
appear to the Eye of the Beholder thicker than
it really is. Thoſe Channels that run ſpiral
about the Shaft, vary it too; but the leſs they
ſwerve from the Perpendicular of the Column,
the Thicker the Column will appear. They
muſt round clear round the Column never
more than three Times, nor ever make leſs than
one compleat Revolution. Whatever Flutings
you make, they muſt always run from the Bot
tom to the Top of the Shaft in even and con
tinued Lines, with an equal Hollow all the
Way. The Sides of the Builder's Square will
ſerve us as a Guide for making our Channels.
There is a mathematical Line, which being
drawn from any certain Point of the Circum
ference of a Semi-circle to the End of its Dia
meter is called a right Angle, which is the ſame
as the Builder's Square. Having then marked
out the Sides of your Flutings, ſink them ſo
deep in the Middle, that the Angle of your
Square may touch the Bottom and its two Sides
of the Lips of them at the ſame Time. At
each End of the Shaft of a fluted Column, you
muſt leave a proper Diſtance plain between the
Channels and the Cincture at one End, and
the Aſtragal at the other. We are told, that
all round the Temple of Memphis, inſtead of
Columns, they made uſe of Coloſſal Statues
eighteen Foot high. In other Places they had
wreathed Columns twiſted round with Ten
drils and Vine-leaves carved in Relief, and
with the Figures of little Birds here and there
interſperſed. But the plain Column is much
more agreeable to the Majeſty of a Temple.
There are certain Dimentions which are great
Helps to the Workmen in the placing of their
Columns, and theſe are taken from the Num
ber of the Columns themſelves that are to be
uſed in the Structure. Thus, for Inſtance, to
begin with the Dorians; when they had four
Columns for the Front of their Building, they
divided the Front of the Platform into ſeven
and-twenty Parts. If they had ſix Columns,
they divided it into one-and-forty, and if eight
into ſix-and-fifty, and of theſe Parts they al
lowed two for the Thickneſs of each Column.
But in Ionic Structures where four Columns are
to be uſed, the Front of the Platform muſt be
divided into eleven Parts and a half; where
theſe are to be ſix, into eighteen, and where
eight, into four-and-twenty and a half; whereof
only one Part muſt be given to the Thickneſs
of each Column.
be covered with Architraves; of thoſe which are
to ſupport Arches we ſhall ſpeak by and by,
when we come to treat of the Baſilique. There
are only ſome few Particulars more relating to
Colonades of this Sort, which ought by no
Means to be omitted. It is certain that a Co
lumn which ſtands in the open Air, always
ſeems ſmaller than one that is under Cover, and
the more Flutings there are in its Shaft, the
Thicker it will appear. For this Reaſon we
are adviſed either to make thoſe fluted Co
lumns that ſtand in the open Air ſomewhat
thicker, or elſe to encreaſe the Number of the
Channels. Theſe Channels are made either
direct along the Shaft, or elſe run ſpiral about
it. The Dorians made them direct along the
Shaft. Theſe Channels are called by Archi
tects Striæ, and among the Dorians they were
in Number Twenty. Others made Twenty
four. Others ſeparated theſe Channels by ſmall
Liſts, which were never more than a third, nor
leſs than a fourth Part of the Groove of the
Fluting, and theſe Flutings were a ſemi-circu
lar Concave. In the Doric Order the Flut
ings are plain without any Liſt, with very little
hollow, or at moſt but the Quarter of a Circle,
terminating the Channels in an Angle. For
the lower third Part of the Shaft of the Co
lumn, they generally filled their Flutings with
a Cable, to make the Column ſtronger, and
leſs liable to Injuries. Thoſe Flutings which
run direct along the Shaft, make the Column
appear to the Eye of the Beholder thicker than
it really is. Thoſe Channels that run ſpiral
about the Shaft, vary it too; but the leſs they
ſwerve from the Perpendicular of the Column,
the Thicker the Column will appear. They
muſt round clear round the Column never
more than three Times, nor ever make leſs than
one compleat Revolution. Whatever Flutings
you make, they muſt always run from the Bot
tom to the Top of the Shaft in even and con
tinued Lines, with an equal Hollow all the
Way. The Sides of the Builder's Square will
ſerve us as a Guide for making our Channels.
There is a mathematical Line, which being
drawn from any certain Point of the Circum
ference of a Semi-circle to the End of its Dia
meter is called a right Angle, which is the ſame
as the Builder's Square. Having then marked
out the Sides of your Flutings, ſink them ſo
deep in the Middle, that the Angle of your
Square may touch the Bottom and its two Sides
of the Lips of them at the ſame Time. At
each End of the Shaft of a fluted Column, you
muſt leave a proper Diſtance plain between the
Channels and the Cincture at one End, and
the Aſtragal at the other. We are told, that
all round the Temple of Memphis, inſtead of
Columns, they made uſe of Coloſſal Statues
eighteen Foot high. In other Places they had
wreathed Columns twiſted round with Ten
drils and Vine-leaves carved in Relief, and
with the Figures of little Birds here and there
interſperſed. But the plain Column is much
more agreeable to the Majeſty of a Temple.
There are certain Dimentions which are great
Helps to the Workmen in the placing of their
Columns, and theſe are taken from the Num
ber of the Columns themſelves that are to be
uſed in the Structure. Thus, for Inſtance, to
begin with the Dorians; when they had four
Columns for the Front of their Building, they
divided the Front of the Platform into ſeven
and-twenty Parts. If they had ſix Columns,
they divided it into one-and-forty, and if eight
into ſix-and-fifty, and of theſe Parts they al
lowed two for the Thickneſs of each Column.
But in Ionic Structures where four Columns are
to be uſed, the Front of the Platform muſt be
divided into eleven Parts and a half; where
theſe are to be ſix, into eighteen, and where
eight, into four-and-twenty and a half; whereof
only one Part muſt be given to the Thickneſs
of each Column.
*
*
*
*
*
CHAP. X.
Of the Pavement of the Temple and its inner Area, of the Place for the Al
tar, and of the Walls and their Ornaments.
tar, and of the Walls and their Ornaments.
It is the moſt approved Taſte to aſcend to
the Floor of the Temple and to the inner
Area by ſome Number of Steps, and to have
the Place where the Altar is to be fixed, raiſed
higher than the Reſt. The Apertures and En
trance to the Chapels on the Sides were ſome
times left quite open without any Incloſure
whatſoever, and ſometimes ſhut in with two
the Floor of the Temple and to the inner
Area by ſome Number of Steps, and to have
the Place where the Altar is to be fixed, raiſed
higher than the Reſt. The Apertures and En
trance to the Chapels on the Sides were ſome
times left quite open without any Incloſure
whatſoever, and ſometimes ſhut in with two
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