Vitruvius
,
De architectura libri decem
,
1567
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514.01.191
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191
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QVINTVS.
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Vitr. </
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<
s
xml:id
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"
xml:space
="
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">ergo de arcubus nullam fecit mentionem, ratione iam dicta. </
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>
<
s
xml:id
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echoid-s12468
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sed ſi forte aliquibus uidetur ante Vitru-
<
lb
/>
uium arcus extitiſſe, propterea quod inter uiam latam, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12469
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Mineruam ſimplex arcus Camillo ( ut putant ) di-
<
lb
/>
catus conſpicitur; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12470
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">non eſt tamen dicendum quod ad triumphantis commodum erectus fuerit, ſed fornice ſimpli-
<
lb
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ci constabat, ut aliquæibi statuæ collocarentur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12471
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ante hunc arcum columna erecta erat, a qua tanquam a
<
lb
/>
capite, omnes Italiæ uiæ initium ſumebant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12472
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xml:space
="
preserve
">Sed nos ad forum reuertamur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12473
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Forum igitur a Græcis quadrata
<
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/>
forma conſtituebatur, circa erant ampliſſimæ, ac duplices porticus, columnæ crebræ, ut pycnoſtyli ratio exi-
<
lb
/>
gebat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12474
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">epistylia marmorea, aut lapidea. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12475
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Supra uero ambulationes erant in contignationibus. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12476
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ita enim eorum
<
lb
/>
uſus requirebat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Sed Itali, ac Romani alios uſus habentes, a Græcorum conſuetudine diſcedebant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12478
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">In foro
<
lb
/>
enim gladiatoribus munera dabantur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12479
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">oblongum igitur ſorum faciebant, ita ut ex tribus long it udinis partibus
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.191-01
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.191-01a
"
xml:space
="
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">10</
note
>
duas latitudini darent, ſeſquialtera proportione. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12480
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ampliora quoque erant intercolumnia, circa porticus argen-
<
lb
/>
tariæ tabernæ, mœnià namque ſuperioribus coaxationibus collocata, ſpectaculum populo ad ludos commode
<
lb
/>
<
handwritten
xlink:label
="
hd-514.01.191-1
"
xlink:href
="
hd-514.01.191-1a
"
number
="
67
"/>
præbebant, ita ex populi multitudine magnitudinem fori conſtituentes, uſum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12481
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">dignitatem quærebant, ne ſi
<
lb
/>
nimia eſſet multitudo angustum, ſiparua inane, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12482
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uaſtum uideretur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12483
"
xml:space
="
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">Græcis uſus is non erat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12484
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Duplices por-
<
lb
/>
ticus interius faciebant, non enim puto duplices intelligi debere exterius, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">interius; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12486
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">nam in tertio libro in
<
lb
/>
banc ſigniſicationem eo uerbo, duplices, uſus eſt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12487
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Item crebrisq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12488
"
xml:space
="
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">columnis interpretor pycnoſtyligeneris, quod ſe-
<
lb
/>
quentia uerba ostendunt.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12489
"
xml:space
="
preserve
"/>
</
p
>
<
p
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12490
"
xml:space
="
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">
<
emph
style
="
sc
">Italiae</
emph
>
uero urbibus non eadem ratione eſt faciendum, ideo quod a maioribus conſuetudo tra-
<
lb
/>
dita eſt, gladiatoria munera in foro dari. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12491
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">igitur circum ſpectacula ſpatioſiora intercolumnia diſtribuan
<
lb
/>
tur, circaq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12492
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">in porticibus argentariæ tabernæ, mœnianaq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12493
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ſuperioribus coaxationibus collocentur,
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.191-02
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.191-02a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">20</
note
>
quæ & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">ad uſum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12495
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ad uectigalia publica rectè erunt diſpoſita.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
="
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"/>
</
p
>
<
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style
="
it
">
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">Videtur enim Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">opponere illis uerbis, crebrisq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12499
"
xml:space
="
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">columnis, hæc uerba, circum ſpectacula ſpatioſiora in-
<
lb
/>
tercolumnia diſtribuantur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12500
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Mœniana, nos podiola nuncupamus. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12501
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">dicuntur a Mœnio, qui Catoni domum uen-
<
lb
/>
didit in forum ſpectantem, ſibi tantum unica columna reſeruata, ad quam tigna proiecit, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12502
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">tabulatum fecit,
<
lb
/>
ut inde ipſe, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12503
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">posteri gladiatores ſpectarent. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12504
"
xml:space
="
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">fuit ea domus propè Pacis templum.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
="
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</
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>
<
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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"
xml:space
="
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">
<
emph
style
="
sc
">Magnitvdines</
emph
>
autem ad copias hominum oportet fieri, ne paruum ſpatium ſit ad uſum, aut ne
<
lb
/>
propter inopiam populi uaſtum forum uideatur.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
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</
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>
<
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style
="
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">
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12508
"
xml:space
="
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">Hoc commune præceptum est Græcorum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12509
"
xml:space
="
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">Italorum fori, ut ad copias hominum fiat magnitudo fori.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12510
"
xml:space
="
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">illud uero peculiare Italiæ.</
s
>
<
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xml:id
="
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xml:space
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"/>
</
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<
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>
<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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<
emph
style
="
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">Latitvdo</
emph
>
fori ita finiatur, uti longitudo in tres partes cum diuiſa fuerit, ex his duæ partes ei den-
<
lb
/>
tur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12513
"
xml:space
="
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">ita enim oblonga erit eius formatio, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12514
"
xml:space
="
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">ad ſpectaculorum rationem utilis diſpoſitio.</
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<
s
xml:id
="
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xml:space
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"/>
</
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>
<
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xml:space
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">30</
note
>
<
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="
it
">
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12516
"
xml:space
="
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">Quæritur quomodo oblonga forma ad ſpectacula potior ſit, quàm quadrata. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12517
"
xml:space
="
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">nam quadram orbiculari ma-
<
lb
/>
gis proxima cum ſit, quàm oblonga, æqualiter ad omnes partes centrum uidetur habere, unde ratio quoque
<
lb
/>
ſpectandi commodior undique cernitur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12518
"
xml:space
="
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">An ad gladiatores potius, quàm ad ſpectatores reſpexit Vitru. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12519
"
xml:space
="
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">qui in
<
lb
/>
oblongo foro commodius exercentur, quàm in quadrato ? </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12520
"
xml:space
="
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">ita enim ludorum uſus postulat. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12521
"
xml:space
="
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">placet autem Al-
<
lb
/>
berto duplam eſſe fori proportionem. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12522
"
xml:space
="
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">additq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12523
"
xml:space
="
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">pulcherrimam conſiderationem. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12524
"
xml:space
="
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">uult enim, ædificia, quæ circa
<
lb
/>
forum ſunt, ne que ita alta eſſe, ut altitudine ſua anguſtum forum uideri faciant, neque ita depreſſa, ut uastam
<
lb
/>
fori amplitudinem conſtituant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12525
"
xml:space
="
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">Cæterum fori amplitudo ad populi copias conſtituenda eſt, ne eueniat, quod
<
lb
/>
Augusto euenit, qui forum aliud paruum, propè duo quæ erant, ordinauit, ut hominum multitudini litig antium
<
lb
/>
ſatisfaceret. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12526
"
xml:space
="
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">Paruum autem illud fecit, ne moleſtus eſſet dominis uicinarum ædium. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12527
"
xml:space
="
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">propè erat poſt hortos
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.191-04
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.191-04a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">40</
note
>
ad Morforium, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12528
"
xml:space
="
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">ſanctæ Martinæ, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12529
"
xml:space
="
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">magna celeritate confectum, ut publica iudicia in eo tractarentur, iu-
<
lb
/>
dices ſortirentur, ſenatus cogeretur ad conſilium de bellis, triumphisq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12530
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">decernendis, ac in eo uictores, ſpolia
<
lb
/>
collocarent. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12531
"
xml:space
="
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">duas id forum porticus ornatiſſimas habuit. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12532
"
xml:space
="
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">Erant & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12533
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">alia quoque fora inſignia, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12534
"
xml:space
="
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">magnifice
<
lb
/>
extructa, quæ aut tempore, aut ui deiecta, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12535
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">collapla, aut etiam in alia ædificia mutata, nullam habent uete-
<
lb
/>
ris formæ ſimilitudinem, porticibus nullum deer at ornamentum, nulla commoditas, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12536
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">uſus deſiderabatur.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12537
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">imbres, Soles, cœlumq́; </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12538
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">graue uitabant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12539
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ambulationibus, negocijs, ſpectaculis aptæ erant. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12540
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">a magnitudine mil-
<
lb
/>
liariæ, aut ſtadiariæ uocabantur. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12541
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">a genere ædificij, Doricæ, Ionicæ, Corinthiæ, Tuſcanicæ, aut ſubterraneæ a
<
lb
/>
Dijs, quibus conſecratæ er ant, nomina ſortiebantur.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12542
"
xml:space
="
preserve
"/>
</
p
>
<
p
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12543
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">
<
emph
style
="
sc
">Colvmnae</
emph
>
ſuperiores quarta parte minores, quàm inferiores ſunt conſtituendæ: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12544
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">propterea quod
<
lb
/>
oneri ferendo, quæ ſunt inferiora, ſirmiora debent eſſe, quàm ſuperiora. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12545
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Non minus quàm etiam
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.191-05
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.191-05a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">50</
note
>
naſcentium oportet imitari naturam, quod in arboribus teretibus, abiete, cupreſſu, pinu, e quibus
<
lb
/>
nulla non craſsior eſt ab radicibus. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12546
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">deinde creſcendo progreditur in altitudinem, naturali contractura,
<
lb
/>
peræ quata naſcens ad ca cumen. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12547
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Ergo ſi natura naſcentium ita poſtulat, recte eſt conſtitutum, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12548
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">al-
<
lb
/>
titudinibus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12549
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">craſsitudinibus ſuperiora inferiorum fieri contractiora.</
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12550
"
xml:space
="
preserve
"/>
</
p
>
<
p
style
="
it
">
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12551
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Cum plures ordines columnarum ſuper imponere oporteat in porticibus: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12552
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">oportet enim ut mœniana fiant, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12553
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">
<
lb
/>
coaxationes: </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12554
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">tunc animaduertendum eſt ad id, quod Vitr. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12555
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">dicit, quod ſcilicet ſuperiores columnæ quarta par-
<
lb
/>
te graciliores faciendæ ſunt inferioribus. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12556
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">ratio buius est, quia quæ ſunt inferiora, oneribus ferendis fumiora
<
lb
/>
eſſe debent, quàm ſuperiora. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12557
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">Exemplum a rerum natura ſumptum, hoc docet. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12558
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">arbores enim teretes, craſſio-
<
lb
/>
res ſunt ab radicibus, deinde paulatim excreſcendo naturali contractura tenuiores fiunt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12559
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hac de cauſa colu-
<
lb
/>
mnarum contractio facta eſt. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12560
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12561
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hac ratione columnæ ſuperiores graciliores inferioribus eſſe debent. </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12562
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">& </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12563
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">hac
<
lb
/>
demum ſimilitudine primus, & </
s
>
<
s
xml:id
="
echoid-s12564
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">inferior columnarum ordo Doricus, medius Ionicus, ſummus Corinthius eſſe
<
lb
/>
<
note
position
="
left
"
xlink:label
="
note-514.01.191-06
"
xlink:href
="
note-514.01.191-06a
"
xml:space
="
preserve
">60</
note
>
</
s
>
</
p
>
</
div
>
</
div
>
</
text
>
</
echo
>