Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
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              not have their Minds any Ways diverted by fo­
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              reign Objects. </s>
              <s>That Horror with which a
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              ſolemn Gloom is apt to ſill the Mind naturally
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              raiſes our Veneration, and there is always ſome­
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              what of an Auſterity in Majeſty: Beſides that
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              thoſe Lights which ſhould be always burning
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              in Temples, and than which nothing is more
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              awful for the Honour and Ornament of Re­
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              ligion, look faint and languiſh, unleſs favoured
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              by ſome Obſcurity. </s>
              <s>For this Reaſon the Ancients
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              were very often contented without any other
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              Aperture beſides the Gate. </s>
              <s>For my own Part,
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              I am for having the Entrance into the Temple
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              thoroughly well lighted, and thoſe Parts with­
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              in, where People are to walk, not melan­
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              choly; but the Place where the Altar is to be
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              ſeated, I think ſhould have more of Majeſty
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              than Beauty. </s>
              <s>But to return to the Apertures
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              themſelves. </s>
              <s>Let us here remember what has
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              formerly been ſaid, namely, that Apertures
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              conſiſt of three Parts, the Void, the Jambs
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              and the Lintel, which two laſt we may call
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              the Frame of the Door or Window. </s>
              <s>The An­
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              cients never uſed to make either Doors or Win­
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              dows otherwiſe than ſquare. </s>
              <s>We ſhall treat
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              firſt of Doors. </s>
              <s>All the beſt Architects, whe­
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              ther
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              Dorians, Ionians
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              or
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              Corinthians,
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              always
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              made their Doors narrower at the Top than
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              at the Bottom by one fourteenth Part. </s>
              <s>To
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              the Lintel they gave the ſame Thickneſs as
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              they found at the Top of the Jamb, making
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              the Lines of their Ornaments anſwer exactly
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              to one another, and meet together in juſt
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              Angles: And they raiſed the Cornice over the
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              Door equal in Height to the Capital of the
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              Columns in the Portico. </s>
              <s>Thus far they all
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              agreed, but in other Particulars they differed
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg32"/>
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              very much. </s>
              <s>And firſt the
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              Dorians
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              divided this
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              whole Height, that is to ſay, from the Level of
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              the Pavement up to the Roof, into ſixteen
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              Parts, whereof they gave ten to the Height of
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              the Void, which the Ancients uſed to call the
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              Light; five to its Breadth, and one to the
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              Breadth of the Frame. </s>
              <s>This was the
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              Doric
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg33"/>
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              Diviſion; but the
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              Ionians
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              divided the whole
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              Height to the Top of the Columns, as afore­
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              mentioned, into nineteen Parts, whereof they
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              gave twelve to the Height of the Light, ſix to
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              its Breadth, and one to the Frame. </s>
              <s>The
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              Co­
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              rinthians
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              divided it into one-and-twenty Parts,
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              aſſigning ſeven to the Breadth of the Light,
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              and doubling that Breadth for its Length, and
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              allowing for the Breadth of the Frame one
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              ſeventh Part of the Breadth of the Light. </s>
              <s>In
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              all theſe Doors the Frame was an Architrave.
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              </s>
              <s>And, unleſs I am much miſtaken, the
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              Ionians
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              made uſe of their own Architrave, adorned
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              with three Faſcias, as did the
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              Dorians
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              too of
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              theirs, only leaving out the Reglets and
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              Drops; and all adorned their Lintels with
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              moſt of the Delicacies of their Cornice; only
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              the
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              Dorians
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              left out their Triglyphs, and in­
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              ſtead of them made uſe of a Freze as broad as
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              the Jamb or Frame of the Door. </s>
              <s>Over the
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              Freze they added an upright Cymatium; and
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              over that a plain Dentil, and next an Ovolo;
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              above that ran the Mutules with their Cymaiſe,
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              and over them an inverted Cymatium; ob­
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              ſerving in all theſe Members the ſame Pro­
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              portions as we have already ſet down for the
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Doric
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              Entablature. </s>
              <s>The
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              Ionians,
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              on the con­
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              trary, did not make uſe of a plain Freze, as
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              in their common Entablature; but inſtead of
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              it made a ſwelling Freze, one third Part of
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              the Breadth of the Architrave, adorned with
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              Leaves bound about with a Kind of Swathes.
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              </s>
              <s>Over this they made their Cymaſe, Dentil,
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              Ovolo, Mutules, with their Cymaiſe, and above
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              all the Drip and inverted Cymatium. </s>
              <s>Beſides
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              this, at each End of the Entablature, on the
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              Outſide of the Jamb, under the Drip, they
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              made a Sort of Ears, as we may call them,
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              from their Reſemblance to the handſome Ears
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              of a fine Spaniel, by Architects called,
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              Conſoles.
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              Theſe Conſoles were turned like a great S.
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              </s>
              <s>The Ends winding round in this Manner, <29>,
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              and the Thickneſs of the Conſole at the Top
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              was equal to the Breadth of the ſwelling Freze,
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              and one fourth Part leſs at Bottom. </s>
              <s>The
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              Length reached down to the Top of the Void
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg34"/>
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              or Light. </s>
              <s>The
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              Corinthians
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              applied to their
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              Doors all the Embelliſhments of a Collonade.
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              </s>
              <s>And to avoid further Repetitions, we adorn a
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              Door, eſpecially when it is to ſtand under the
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              open Air with a Sort of little Portico, attached
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              againſt the Wall, in this Manner. </s>
              <s>Having made
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              the Frame of the Door, we place on each Side
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              an entire Column, or if you will only an half
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              Column, with their Baſes at ſuch a Diſtance
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              from each other, as to leave the Jambs, or
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              whole Antipagment clear. </s>
              <s>The Length of
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              the whole Columns with their Capitals, muſt
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              be equal to the Diſtance between the outward
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              Edge of the left Baſe to the outward Edge of
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              the Right. </s>
              <s>Over theſe Columns you make a
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              regular Architrave, Freze, Cornice and Pedi­
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              ment, according to all the ſame Proportions as
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              as we have above laid down for a Portico.
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              </s>
              <s>Some on each Side of the Door, inſtead of a
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              plain Jamb, made uſe of all the Ornaments of a
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              </s>
            </p>
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