1not have their Minds any Ways diverted by fo
reign Objects. That Horror with which a
ſolemn Gloom is apt to ſill the Mind naturally
raiſes our Veneration, and there is always ſome
what of an Auſterity in Majeſty: Beſides that
thoſe Lights which ſhould be always burning
in Temples, and than which nothing is more
awful for the Honour and Ornament of Re
ligion, look faint and languiſh, unleſs favoured
by ſome Obſcurity. For this Reaſon the Ancients
were very often contented without any other
Aperture beſides the Gate. For my own Part,
I am for having the Entrance into the Temple
thoroughly well lighted, and thoſe Parts with
in, where People are to walk, not melan
choly; but the Place where the Altar is to be
ſeated, I think ſhould have more of Majeſty
than Beauty. But to return to the Apertures
themſelves. Let us here remember what has
formerly been ſaid, namely, that Apertures
conſiſt of three Parts, the Void, the Jambs
and the Lintel, which two laſt we may call
the Frame of the Door or Window. The An
cients never uſed to make either Doors or Win
dows otherwiſe than ſquare. We ſhall treat
firſt of Doors. All the beſt Architects, whe
ther Dorians, Ionians or Corinthians, always
made their Doors narrower at the Top than
at the Bottom by one fourteenth Part. To
the Lintel they gave the ſame Thickneſs as
they found at the Top of the Jamb, making
the Lines of their Ornaments anſwer exactly
to one another, and meet together in juſt
Angles: And they raiſed the Cornice over the
Door equal in Height to the Capital of the
Columns in the Portico. Thus far they all
agreed, but in other Particulars they differed
very much. And firſt the Dorians divided this
whole Height, that is to ſay, from the Level of
the Pavement up to the Roof, into ſixteen
Parts, whereof they gave ten to the Height of
the Void, which the Ancients uſed to call the
Light; five to its Breadth, and one to the
Breadth of the Frame. This was the Doric
Diviſion; but the Ionians divided the whole
Height to the Top of the Columns, as afore
mentioned, into nineteen Parts, whereof they
gave twelve to the Height of the Light, ſix to
its Breadth, and one to the Frame. The Co
rinthians divided it into one-and-twenty Parts,
aſſigning ſeven to the Breadth of the Light,
and doubling that Breadth for its Length, and
allowing for the Breadth of the Frame one
ſeventh Part of the Breadth of the Light. In
all theſe Doors the Frame was an Architrave.
And, unleſs I am much miſtaken, the Ionians
made uſe of their own Architrave, adorned
with three Faſcias, as did the Dorians too of
theirs, only leaving out the Reglets and
Drops; and all adorned their Lintels with
moſt of the Delicacies of their Cornice; only
the Dorians left out their Triglyphs, and in
ſtead of them made uſe of a Freze as broad as
the Jamb or Frame of the Door. Over the
Freze they added an upright Cymatium; and
over that a plain Dentil, and next an Ovolo;
above that ran the Mutules with their Cymaiſe,
and over them an inverted Cymatium; ob
ſerving in all theſe Members the ſame Pro
portions as we have already ſet down for the
Doric Entablature. The Ionians, on the con
trary, did not make uſe of a plain Freze, as
in their common Entablature; but inſtead of
it made a ſwelling Freze, one third Part of
the Breadth of the Architrave, adorned with
Leaves bound about with a Kind of Swathes.
Over this they made their Cymaſe, Dentil,
Ovolo, Mutules, with their Cymaiſe, and above
all the Drip and inverted Cymatium. Beſides
this, at each End of the Entablature, on the
Outſide of the Jamb, under the Drip, they
made a Sort of Ears, as we may call them,
from their Reſemblance to the handſome Ears
of a fine Spaniel, by Architects called, Conſoles.
Theſe Conſoles were turned like a great S.
The Ends winding round in this Manner, <29>,
and the Thickneſs of the Conſole at the Top
was equal to the Breadth of the ſwelling Freze,
and one fourth Part leſs at Bottom. The
Length reached down to the Top of the Void
or Light. The Corinthians applied to their
Doors all the Embelliſhments of a Collonade.
And to avoid further Repetitions, we adorn a
Door, eſpecially when it is to ſtand under the
open Air with a Sort of little Portico, attached
againſt the Wall, in this Manner. Having made
the Frame of the Door, we place on each Side
an entire Column, or if you will only an half
Column, with their Baſes at ſuch a Diſtance
from each other, as to leave the Jambs, or
whole Antipagment clear. The Length of
the whole Columns with their Capitals, muſt
be equal to the Diſtance between the outward
Edge of the left Baſe to the outward Edge of
the Right. Over theſe Columns you make a
regular Architrave, Freze, Cornice and Pedi
ment, according to all the ſame Proportions as
as we have above laid down for a Portico.
Some on each Side of the Door, inſtead of a
plain Jamb, made uſe of all the Ornaments of a
reign Objects. That Horror with which a
ſolemn Gloom is apt to ſill the Mind naturally
raiſes our Veneration, and there is always ſome
what of an Auſterity in Majeſty: Beſides that
thoſe Lights which ſhould be always burning
in Temples, and than which nothing is more
awful for the Honour and Ornament of Re
ligion, look faint and languiſh, unleſs favoured
by ſome Obſcurity. For this Reaſon the Ancients
were very often contented without any other
Aperture beſides the Gate. For my own Part,
I am for having the Entrance into the Temple
thoroughly well lighted, and thoſe Parts with
in, where People are to walk, not melan
choly; but the Place where the Altar is to be
ſeated, I think ſhould have more of Majeſty
than Beauty. But to return to the Apertures
themſelves. Let us here remember what has
formerly been ſaid, namely, that Apertures
conſiſt of three Parts, the Void, the Jambs
and the Lintel, which two laſt we may call
the Frame of the Door or Window. The An
cients never uſed to make either Doors or Win
dows otherwiſe than ſquare. We ſhall treat
firſt of Doors. All the beſt Architects, whe
ther Dorians, Ionians or Corinthians, always
made their Doors narrower at the Top than
at the Bottom by one fourteenth Part. To
the Lintel they gave the ſame Thickneſs as
they found at the Top of the Jamb, making
the Lines of their Ornaments anſwer exactly
to one another, and meet together in juſt
Angles: And they raiſed the Cornice over the
Door equal in Height to the Capital of the
Columns in the Portico. Thus far they all
agreed, but in other Particulars they differed
very much. And firſt the Dorians divided this
whole Height, that is to ſay, from the Level of
the Pavement up to the Roof, into ſixteen
Parts, whereof they gave ten to the Height of
the Void, which the Ancients uſed to call the
Light; five to its Breadth, and one to the
Breadth of the Frame. This was the Doric
Diviſion; but the Ionians divided the whole
Height to the Top of the Columns, as afore
mentioned, into nineteen Parts, whereof they
gave twelve to the Height of the Light, ſix to
its Breadth, and one to the Frame. The Co
rinthians divided it into one-and-twenty Parts,
aſſigning ſeven to the Breadth of the Light,
and doubling that Breadth for its Length, and
allowing for the Breadth of the Frame one
ſeventh Part of the Breadth of the Light. In
all theſe Doors the Frame was an Architrave.
And, unleſs I am much miſtaken, the Ionians
made uſe of their own Architrave, adorned
with three Faſcias, as did the Dorians too of
theirs, only leaving out the Reglets and
Drops; and all adorned their Lintels with
moſt of the Delicacies of their Cornice; only
the Dorians left out their Triglyphs, and in
ſtead of them made uſe of a Freze as broad as
the Jamb or Frame of the Door. Over the
Freze they added an upright Cymatium; and
over that a plain Dentil, and next an Ovolo;
above that ran the Mutules with their Cymaiſe,
and over them an inverted Cymatium; ob
ſerving in all theſe Members the ſame Pro
portions as we have already ſet down for the
Doric Entablature. The Ionians, on the con
trary, did not make uſe of a plain Freze, as
in their common Entablature; but inſtead of
it made a ſwelling Freze, one third Part of
the Breadth of the Architrave, adorned with
Leaves bound about with a Kind of Swathes.
Over this they made their Cymaſe, Dentil,
Ovolo, Mutules, with their Cymaiſe, and above
all the Drip and inverted Cymatium. Beſides
this, at each End of the Entablature, on the
Outſide of the Jamb, under the Drip, they
made a Sort of Ears, as we may call them,
from their Reſemblance to the handſome Ears
of a fine Spaniel, by Architects called, Conſoles.
Theſe Conſoles were turned like a great S.
The Ends winding round in this Manner, <29>,
and the Thickneſs of the Conſole at the Top
was equal to the Breadth of the ſwelling Freze,
and one fourth Part leſs at Bottom. The
Length reached down to the Top of the Void
or Light. The Corinthians applied to their
Doors all the Embelliſhments of a Collonade.
And to avoid further Repetitions, we adorn a
Door, eſpecially when it is to ſtand under the
open Air with a Sort of little Portico, attached
againſt the Wall, in this Manner. Having made
the Frame of the Door, we place on each Side
an entire Column, or if you will only an half
Column, with their Baſes at ſuch a Diſtance
from each other, as to leave the Jambs, or
whole Antipagment clear. The Length of
the whole Columns with their Capitals, muſt
be equal to the Diſtance between the outward
Edge of the left Baſe to the outward Edge of
the Right. Over theſe Columns you make a
regular Architrave, Freze, Cornice and Pedi
ment, according to all the ſame Proportions as
as we have above laid down for a Portico.
Some on each Side of the Door, inſtead of a
plain Jamb, made uſe of all the Ornaments of a