Agricola, Georgius
,
De re metallica
,
1912/1950
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<
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<
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<
chap
>
<
pb
pagenum
="
159
"/>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>Our people give the name of water-bags to those very large skins for
<
lb
/>
carrying water which are made of two, or two and a half, ox-hides. </
s
>
<
s
>When
<
lb
/>
these water-bags have undergone much wear and use, first the hair comes
<
lb
/>
off them and they become bald and shining; after this they become
<
lb
/>
torn. </
s
>
<
s
>If the tear is but a small one, a piece of smooth notched stick is put
<
lb
/>
into the broken part, and the broken bag is bound into its notches on either
<
lb
/>
side and sewn together; but if it is a large one, they mend it with a piece of
<
lb
/>
ox-hide. </
s
>
<
s
>The water-bags are fixed to the hook of a drawing-chain and let
<
lb
/>
down and dipped into the water, and as soon as they are filled they are drawn
<
lb
/>
up by the largest machine. </
s
>
<
s
>They are of two kinds; the one kind take in the
<
lb
/>
water by themselves; the water pours into the other kind when it is pushed
<
lb
/>
in a certain way by a wooden shovel.</
s
>
</
p
>
<
p
type
="
main
">
<
s
>When the water has been drawn out from the shafts, it is run off in
<
lb
/>
troughs, or into a hopper, through which it runs into the trough. </
s
>
<
s
>Likewise
<
lb
/>
the water which flows along the sides of the tunnels is carried off in drains.
<
lb
/>
</
s
>
<
s
>These are composed of two hollowed beams joined firmly together, so as to
<
lb
/>
hold the water which flows through them, and they are covered by planks
<
lb
/>
all along their course, from the mouth of the tunnel right up to the extreme
<
lb
/>
end of it, to prevent earth or rock falling into them and obstructing the flow
<
lb
/>
of the water. </
s
>
<
s
>If much mud gradually settles in them the planks are raised
<
lb
/>
and the drains are cleaned out, for they would otherwise become stopped up
<
lb
/>
and obstructed by this accident. </
s
>
<
s
>With regard to the trough lying above </
s
>
</
p
>
<
figure
number
="
87
"/>
<
p
type
="
caption
">
<
s
>A—TROUGH. B—HOPPER.</
s
>
</
p
>
</
chap
>
</
body
>
</
text
>
</
archimedes
>