Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="159"/>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Our people give the name of water-bags to those very large skins for
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              carrying water which are made of two, or two and a half, ox-hides. </s>
              <s>When
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              these water-bags have undergone much wear and use, first the hair comes
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              off them and they become bald and shining; after this they become
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              torn. </s>
              <s>If the tear is but a small one, a piece of smooth notched stick is put
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              into the broken part, and the broken bag is bound into its notches on either
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              side and sewn together; but if it is a large one, they mend it with a piece of
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              ox-hide. </s>
              <s>The water-bags are fixed to the hook of a drawing-chain and let
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              down and dipped into the water, and as soon as they are filled they are drawn
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              up by the largest machine. </s>
              <s>They are of two kinds; the one kind take in the
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              water by themselves; the water pours into the other kind when it is pushed
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              in a certain way by a wooden shovel.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>When the water has been drawn out from the shafts, it is run off in
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              troughs, or into a hopper, through which it runs into the trough. </s>
              <s>Likewise
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              the water which flows along the sides of the tunnels is carried off in drains.
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              </s>
              <s>These are composed of two hollowed beams joined firmly together, so as to
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              hold the water which flows through them, and they are covered by planks
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              all along their course, from the mouth of the tunnel right up to the extreme
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              end of it, to prevent earth or rock falling into them and obstructing the flow
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              of the water. </s>
              <s>If much mud gradually settles in them the planks are raised
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              and the drains are cleaned out, for they would otherwise become stopped up
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              and obstructed by this accident. </s>
              <s>With regard to the trough lying above </s>
            </p>
            <figure number="87"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—TROUGH. B—HOPPER.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>