Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009011">
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              cætera quantum potuit largitus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009012">Cùm igi­
                <lb/>
              tur materia fragilis eſſet ac rudis, multis in­
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              diguit auxiliis. </s>
              <s id="s.009013">Caliditate quidem opus erat,
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              vt tenuis eſſet ac motibus ſufficeret: tenuita­
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              te ad ingenium, ſoliditate ad vitæ longitu­
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              dinem, temperie ad morum ſuauitatem &
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              moderationem. </s>
              <s id="s.009014">Quis non videt hæc fermè
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              duobus modis repugnare? </s>
              <s id="s.009015">Sed tamen omnia
                <lb/>
              præſtabat abſolutiſſima compoſitio. </s>
              <s id="s.009016">Ne eua­
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              deret abſolutiſſima, tamen multa ac penè
                <lb/>
              infinita obſtabant. </s>
              <s id="s.009017">Itaque contigit vt pro
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              fortibus plerique temerarij, timidi pro mo­
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              deratis, auari pro parcis, prodigi pro libera­
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              libus crudeles pro ſeueris, libidinoſi pro iu­
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              cundis, denique inſani, vecordes, & vt vno
                <lb/>
              verbo dicam, multi improbi euaderent. </s>
              <s id="s.009018">Sicut
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              verò in animi dotibus ita etiam corporis
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              contigit: nam manci, debiles, morboſi, turpes
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              fœdi, imbelles, breuis vitæ plerique naſcun­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.009019">Nec tamen propter hos illoſve, ſed per­
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              fectiſſimos, ac totam ſpeciem humani gene­
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              ris, quæ omnia illi conceſſa bona continet,
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              homo creatus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009020">Itaque vt non arbores ip­
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              ſas colimus ob fructibus exeſos, putridos im­
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              maturos, ac decidentes ſpontè vitio aliquo:
                <lb/>
              ita neque naturæ curæ ſumus ob improbos,
                <lb/>
              ſed velut fructus ob fructus perfectos, arbor
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              ita ob optimos. </s>
              <s id="s.009021">Reliquit igitur veſtigia
                <lb/>
              quædam ſuæ priſtinæ cœleſtis materiæ in
                <lb/>
              his inferioribus, cùm hanc mortalem in ini­
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              tio ab illa ſecreuiſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.009022">Neque accuſandus,
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              quod non reliquerit optima propter mala,
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              aut quòd quæ naturæ mortali repugnarent,
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              non condonarit nobis. </s>
              <s id="s.009023">Omnia igitur, anima
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              quadam muniuit, & qua meliore potuit vi­
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              uentia, ſententiáque, demum etiam intelli­
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              gentia creando. </s>
              <s id="s.009024">Hominem itaque omnibus
                <lb/>
              donauit. </s>
              <s id="s.009025">Inde in his certo ordine ab imper­
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              fectiſſimis, provt materia quæque ſuppedi­
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              tabat, tranſiuit ad perfectiſſima. </s>
              <s id="s.009026">Initium igi­
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              tur fuit à metallicis tanquam abortiuis par­
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              tibus, pòſt metallis, lapidibus, plantis, mari­
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              nis, ſpongiis, vrticiſque atque conchyliis,
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              vermes, formicæ, culices: piſces, aues, lepo­
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              res, canes, elephanti, cercopitheci, tandem
                <lb/>
              homo creatus eſt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009027">Quæres, cui tandem vſui muſca? </s>
              <s id="s.009028">vt de
                <lb/>
              vno viliſſimo atque inſolentiſſimo dicam
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              animali. </s>
              <s id="s.009029">Reſpondeo, animal ipſum vt ſpecie
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              ipſa manet, & per ſe ſolum, & ad ornatum
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              mundi eſſe, & omnia ſibi neceſſaria, non ſo­
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              lùm ad vitam, ſed ad beatam vitam ſortitum
                <lb/>
              eſſe: facta eſt propter ſe, non vt homini eſſet
                <lb/>
              infeſta: neque enim omnis muſca hominibus
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              infeſta, ſed quædam manent perpetuò in ne­
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              moribus: & in quibuſdam regionibus non
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              ſunt, vt apud Lapones, in India etiam occi­
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              dentali paucæ. </s>
              <s id="s.009030">Ergo generale bonum, pauco­
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              rum incommodo præponi debuit. </s>
              <s id="s.009031">Diuina igi­
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              tur ſapientia in vnoquoque fecit optimum
                <lb/>
              quod ex tali materia poterat excogitari. </s>
              <s id="s.009032">Et
                <lb/>
              leporum multæ ſunt infelices, non tamen
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              omnes: quædam enim nunquam hominem
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              viderunt, aut cœnem, nec perſecutionem paſ­
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              ſæ ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.009033">Simile eſt de ſpecie, ac ipſis animali­
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              bus, velut de homine atque partibus ſuis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009034">Quis tam amens eſt, qui nolit potius mem­
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              bra aliqua amittere, quàm perire? </s>
              <s id="s.009035">Ita anima­
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              lia membra ſunt ſpeciei, quæ longè melius
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              eſt perire, manente incolumi ſpecie, quàm
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              ſpeciem ipſam, aut deleri, aut non eſſe vn­
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              quam conſtitutam. </s>
              <s id="s.009036">Cùm tamen & illud lon­
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              gè melius ſit in ſpecie, quòd tam benè in
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              pauciſſimis animalibus ſeruatur, ſicut in plu­
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              rimis, nec vlla penitus operatio. </s>
              <s id="s.009037">Animali ſi
                <lb/>
              membrum pereat, perit & operatio, reddi­
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              turque animal claudum, aut cæcum, &
                <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>
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              præſtat viuere, quanquam etiam moriturum
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              quantò magis ſpeciem quæ nullis manca eſt
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              operationibus, nec deformis,
                <expan abbr="æternitatémq;">æternitatémque</expan>
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              conſecuta eſt, tametſi in pauciſſimis anima­
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              libus poſita ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.009038">Igitur homo vt omnia com­
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              moda aſſequeretur, ex vltimo refractis ele­
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              mentis genitus eſt: nam primò elementis
                <lb/>
              veſcuntur plantæ, plantis animalia, animali­
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              bus homo. </s>
              <s id="s.009039">Ob id igitur carniuora omnia
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
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              veſcentibus carne, inter piſces quadrupedia,
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              & aues ſunt ſagaciora, duabus cauſis: prima
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              quòd cibum habeant fugacem, nam inueni­
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              re oportet, inde aſſequi, cùm reliquis inue­
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              niſſe ſufficiat. </s>
              <s id="s.009040">Altera, quòd iam cibus ipſe ex
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              elementis retuſis ſit, ſcilicet caro. </s>
              <s id="s.009041">Ob id
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
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              neque vlla caro eſt calidiſſima, vt in ſemini­
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              bus plantarum, ac partibus earum frequen­
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              ter licet conſpicere. </s>
              <s id="s.009042">Itaque homo, qui etiam
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              carnibus veſcitur, tum maximè volatilium,
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              potuit eſſe ſimul tenuiſſimæ, ac denſiſſimæ,
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              calidiſſimæ atque temperatiſſimæ naturæ.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009043">Quatenus enim aëris & caloris plurimum
                <lb/>
              habet, elementáque in eo frigida terra, &
                <lb/>
              aqua maximè à propria natura receſſerunt:
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              ita calidiſſimus eſt: vt verò nihil eſt amplius
                <lb/>
              excoctum, quàm eſſe debuit, terrenóque ele­
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              mento pauciſſimo, & puriſſimo conſtat, ma­
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              ximè temperatus. </s>
              <s id="s.009044">Ob id homo cùm conſu­
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              mitur, terræ puræ vix vncias quinque, aut
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              ſex relinquit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009045">
                <margin.target id="marg1256"/>
              Cur carniuo­
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              ra omnia ſa­
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              gaciora reli­
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              quis.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009046">Cur nulla
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              caro calidiſ­
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              ſima vt plan­
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              tæ.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009047">Homo quo­
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              modo cali­
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              diſſimus, ac
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              temperatiſſi­
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              mus eſſe po­
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              tuit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009048">Atque hæc fidem facere videntur, quòd
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1257"/>
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              homo ſit animal, hucuſque etiam ſic eſſe
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              creditum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009049">Sed homo non plus eſt animal
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              quàm animal planta. </s>
              <s id="s.009050">Si enim animal quam­
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              uis nutriatur & viuat, plantæ nomen non
                <lb/>
              meretur, nec omninò planta eſt, quia
                <expan abbr="animã">animam</expan>
                <lb/>
              qua ſentit, habet præter plantam: homo
                <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>
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              præter animal mentem habeat, deſinit eſſe
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              animal: nam alterum genus animæ eſt quod
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              ſentit, ac intelligit, vt teſtatur Ariſtoteles Si
                <lb/>
              enim forma alia à forma fuerit, alterum ſub
                <lb/>
              altero collocari non poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009051">Sentit enim ho­
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              mo profectò vt animal viuens, non tamen
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              homo animal, vt neque animal planta. </s>
              <s id="s.009052">Si
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              enim homo animal eſt, id eſt, cuius forma
                <lb/>
              vltima eſt, ſenſus effectrix anima, manife­
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              ſtum erit & eadem ratione eſſe etiam plan­
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              tam: at hoc nemo admittit, nemo credit. </s>
              <s id="s.009053">Et
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              qua ratione in homine ſenſus continetur,
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              eadem prorſus in animali viuens. </s>
              <s id="s.009054">Nec tamen
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              animal eſt, quod ſolum viuit, id eſt, planta,
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              vt nec homo animal. Denique ſi homo ani­
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              mal eſt, vel ratione vtens, vel carens? </s>
              <s id="s.009055">Non
                <lb/>
              equidem carens, eſſet enim bellua: eſt igitur
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              vtens ratione. </s>
              <s id="s.009056">Vti itaque ratione differentia
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              quædam eſt animalium, velut & bouis, aut
                <lb/>
              leporis propria differentia. </s>
              <s id="s.009057">Quæ igitur ſentit
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              anima, vt poteſt non vti ratione, poteſt
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
                <lb/>
              vti: intellectus igitur in ea collocatur. </s>
              <s id="s.009058">Perſ­
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              picuum enim eſt, differentiam quamlibet in
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              eo eſſe poſſe, cuius eſt differentia? </s>
              <s id="s.009059">Senſus </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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