Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Cornice, ſo allowing the Open a greater Width;
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but this is a Delicacy much more ſuitable to
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the Houſe of a private Perſon, and eſpecially
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about Windows, than to the Door of a Tem
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ple. </
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<
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>In very large Temples, and eſpecially in
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ſuch as have no other Apertures but the Door,
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the Height of the Open of that Door is divided
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into three Parts, the uppermoſt of which is left
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by Way of Window, and grated, the Remain
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der ſerves for the Door. </
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<
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>The Door itſelf too,
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or Valve, conſiſts of different Members and
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Proportions. </
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<
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>Of theſe Members the Chief is
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the Hinge, which is contrived after two Man
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ners; either by an iron Staple fixed in the
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Door-caſe; or elſe by Pins coming out from
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the Top and Bottom of the Door itſelf, upon
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which it balances and turns, and ſo ſhuts and
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opens. </
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<
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>The Doors of Temples, which for the
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Sake of Duration, are generally made of Braſs,
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and conſequently muſt be very heavy, are bet
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ter truſted to Axles, in the later Manner, than
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to hang upon any Staples. </
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>I ſhall not here
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ſpend Time in giving an Account of thoſe
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Doors which we read of in Hiſtorians and Poets,
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enriched with Gold, Ivory, and Statues, and
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ſo heavy that they could never be opened with
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out a Multitude of Hands, and ſuch a Noiſe as
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terriſied the Hearers, I own Facility in open
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ing and ſhutting them is more to my Mind.
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<
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>Under the Bottom therefore of the lower Pin
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or Axle, make a Box of Braſs mixed with Tin,
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and in this Box ſink a deep hollow Concave at
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the Bottom; let the Bottom of the Axle have alſo
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a Concavity in it, ſo that the Box and the Axle
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may contain between them a round Ball of
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Steel, perfectly ſmooth and well poliſhed. </
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<
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>The
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upper Pin or Axle muſt alſo be let into a braſs
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Box made in the Lintel, and beſides muſt turn
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in a moveable iron Circle as ſmooth as it can
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be made; and by this Means the Door will
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never make the leaſt Reſiſtance in turning, but
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ſwing which Way you pleaſe with all the Eaſe
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imaginable. </
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<
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>Every Door ſhould have two Val
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ves or Leaves, one opening to one Side, and the
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other to the other. </
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<
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>The Thickneſs of theſe
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Leaves ſhould be one twelfth Part of their
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Breadth. </
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>Their Ornament are Pannels or
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ſquare Mouldings applied lengthways down the
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Leaf, and you may have as many of them as
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you will, either two or three, one above the
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other, or only one. </
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<
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>If you have two, they muſt
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lie like the Steps of a Stair, one above the other,
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and both muſt take up no more of the Breadth
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of the Leaf than a fourth, nor leſs than a ſixth
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Part; and let the laſt, which lies above the
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other, be one fifth Part broader than the un
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der one. </
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<
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>If you have three of theſe Mould
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ings, obſerve the ſame Proportions in them as
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in the Faces of the
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Ionic
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Architrave: But if
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you have only one Moulding, let it be not
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more than a fifth, nor leſs than a ſeventh Part
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of the Breadth of the Leaf. </
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<
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>Theſe Mouldings
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muſt all fall inward to the Leaf with a Cima
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recta. </
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<
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>The Length of the Leaf ſhould alſo be
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divided by other Mouldings croſsways, giving
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the upper Pannel two fifth Parts of the whole
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Height of the Door. </
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<
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>In Temples the Win
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dows muſt be adorned in the ſame Manner as
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the Doors; but their Apertures, being near the
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higheſt Part of the Wall, and their Angles ter
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minating near the Vault of the Roof, they are
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therefore made with an Arch, contrary to the
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Practice in Doors. </
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<
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>Their Breadth is twice their
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Height; and this Breadth is divided by two
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little Columns, placed according to the ſame
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Rules as in a Portico; only that theſe Columns
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are generally ſquare. </
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<
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>The Deſigns for Niches,
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Statues or other Repreſentations, are borrowed
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from thoſe of Doors; and their Height muſt
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take up one third Part of their Wall. </
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<
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>The
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Ancients in the Windows of their Temples,
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inſtead of Panes of Glaſs, made uſe of thin
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tranſparent Scantlings of Alabaſter, to keep out
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Wind and Weather; or elſe made a Grate of
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Braſs or Marble, and filled up the Interſpaces
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of this Grate not with brittle Glaſs, but with
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a tranſparent Sort of Stone brought from
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Se
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govia,
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a Town in
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Spain,
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or from
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Boulogne
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in
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Picardy.
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<
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> The Scantlings are ſeldom above a
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Foot broad, and are of a bright tranſparent
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Sort of Plaiſter or Talk, endued by Nature
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with a particular Property, namely, that it
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never decays.</
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<
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>CHAP. XIII.</
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Of the Altar, Communion, Lights, Candleſticks, Holy Veſſels, and ſome other
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noble Ornaments of Temples.
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<
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>The next chief Point to be conſidered
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in the Temple, is fixing the Altar,
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where Divine Office is to be performed, which
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ſhould be in the moſt honourable Place, and
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this ſeems to be exactly in the Middle of the
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Tribune. </
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<
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>The Ancients uſed to make their </
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