Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

List of thumbnails

< >
191
191 		192
192
193
193 		194
194
195
195 		196
196
197
197 		198
198
199
199 		200
200
< >
page |< < of 320 > >|
    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/199.jpg" pagenum="153"/>
              Cornice, ſo allowing the Open a greater Width;
                <lb/>
              but this is a Delicacy much more ſuitable to
                <lb/>
              the Houſe of a private Perſon, and eſpecially
                <lb/>
              about Windows, than to the Door of a Tem­
                <lb/>
              ple. </s>
              <s>In very large Temples, and eſpecially in
                <lb/>
              ſuch as have no other Apertures but the Door,
                <lb/>
              the Height of the Open of that Door is divided
                <lb/>
              into three Parts, the uppermoſt of which is left
                <lb/>
              by Way of Window, and grated, the Remain­
                <lb/>
              der ſerves for the Door. </s>
              <s>The Door itſelf too,
                <lb/>
              or Valve, conſiſts of different Members and
                <lb/>
              Proportions. </s>
              <s>Of theſe Members the Chief is
                <lb/>
              the Hinge, which is contrived after two Man­
                <lb/>
              ners; either by an iron Staple fixed in the
                <lb/>
              Door-caſe; or elſe by Pins coming out from
                <lb/>
              the Top and Bottom of the Door itſelf, upon
                <lb/>
              which it balances and turns, and ſo ſhuts and
                <lb/>
              opens. </s>
              <s>The Doors of Temples, which for the
                <lb/>
              Sake of Duration, are generally made of Braſs,
                <lb/>
              and conſequently muſt be very heavy, are bet­
                <lb/>
              ter truſted to Axles, in the later Manner, than
                <lb/>
              to hang upon any Staples. </s>
              <s>I ſhall not here
                <lb/>
              ſpend Time in giving an Account of thoſe
                <lb/>
              Doors which we read of in Hiſtorians and Poets,
                <lb/>
              enriched with Gold, Ivory, and Statues, and
                <lb/>
              ſo heavy that they could never be opened with­
                <lb/>
              out a Multitude of Hands, and ſuch a Noiſe as
                <lb/>
              terriſied the Hearers, I own Facility in open­
                <lb/>
              ing and ſhutting them is more to my Mind.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Under the Bottom therefore of the lower Pin
                <lb/>
              or Axle, make a Box of Braſs mixed with Tin,
                <lb/>
              and in this Box ſink a deep hollow Concave at
                <lb/>
              the Bottom; let the Bottom of the Axle have alſo
                <lb/>
              a Concavity in it, ſo that the Box and the Axle
                <lb/>
              may contain between them a round Ball of
                <lb/>
              Steel, perfectly ſmooth and well poliſhed. </s>
              <s>The
                <lb/>
              upper Pin or Axle muſt alſo be let into a braſs
                <lb/>
              Box made in the Lintel, and beſides muſt turn
                <lb/>
              in a moveable iron Circle as ſmooth as it can
                <lb/>
              be made; and by this Means the Door will
                <lb/>
              never make the leaſt Reſiſtance in turning, but
                <lb/>
              ſwing which Way you pleaſe with all the Eaſe
                <lb/>
              imaginable. </s>
              <s>Every Door ſhould have two Val­
                <lb/>
              ves or Leaves, one opening to one Side, and the
                <lb/>
              other to the other. </s>
              <s>The Thickneſs of theſe
                <lb/>
              Leaves ſhould be one twelfth Part of their
                <lb/>
              Breadth. </s>
              <s>Their Ornament are Pannels or
                <lb/>
              ſquare Mouldings applied lengthways down the
                <lb/>
              Leaf, and you may have as many of them as
                <lb/>
              you will, either two or three, one above the
                <lb/>
              other, or only one. </s>
              <s>If you have two, they muſt
                <lb/>
              lie like the Steps of a Stair, one above the other,
                <lb/>
              and both muſt take up no more of the Breadth
                <lb/>
              of the Leaf than a fourth, nor leſs than a ſixth
                <lb/>
              Part; and let the laſt, which lies above the
                <lb/>
              other, be one fifth Part broader than the un­
                <lb/>
              der one. </s>
              <s>If you have three of theſe Mould­
                <lb/>
              ings, obſerve the ſame Proportions in them as
                <lb/>
              in the Faces of the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ionic
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              Architrave: But if
                <lb/>
              you have only one Moulding, let it be not
                <lb/>
              more than a fifth, nor leſs than a ſeventh Part
                <lb/>
              of the Breadth of the Leaf. </s>
              <s>Theſe Mouldings
                <lb/>
              muſt all fall inward to the Leaf with a Cima­
                <lb/>
              recta. </s>
              <s>The Length of the Leaf ſhould alſo be
                <lb/>
              divided by other Mouldings croſsways, giving
                <lb/>
              the upper Pannel two fifth Parts of the whole
                <lb/>
              Height of the Door. </s>
              <s>In Temples the Win­
                <lb/>
              dows muſt be adorned in the ſame Manner as
                <lb/>
              the Doors; but their Apertures, being near the
                <lb/>
              higheſt Part of the Wall, and their Angles ter­
                <lb/>
              minating near the Vault of the Roof, they are
                <lb/>
              therefore made with an Arch, contrary to the
                <lb/>
              Practice in Doors. </s>
              <s>Their Breadth is twice their
                <lb/>
              Height; and this Breadth is divided by two
                <lb/>
              little Columns, placed according to the ſame
                <lb/>
              Rules as in a Portico; only that theſe Columns
                <lb/>
              are generally ſquare. </s>
              <s>The Deſigns for Niches,
                <lb/>
              Statues or other Repreſentations, are borrowed
                <lb/>
              from thoſe of Doors; and their Height muſt
                <lb/>
              take up one third Part of their Wall. </s>
              <s>The
                <lb/>
              Ancients in the Windows of their Temples,
                <lb/>
              inſtead of Panes of Glaſs, made uſe of thin
                <lb/>
              tranſparent Scantlings of Alabaſter, to keep out
                <lb/>
              Wind and Weather; or elſe made a Grate of
                <lb/>
              Braſs or Marble, and filled up the Interſpaces
                <lb/>
              of this Grate not with brittle Glaſs, but with
                <lb/>
              a tranſparent Sort of Stone brought from
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Se­
                <lb/>
              govia,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              a Town in
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Spain,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              or from
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Boulogne
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Picardy.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
              <s> The Scantlings are ſeldom above a
                <lb/>
              Foot broad, and are of a bright tranſparent
                <lb/>
              Sort of Plaiſter or Talk, endued by Nature
                <lb/>
              with a particular Property, namely, that it
                <lb/>
              never decays.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. XIII.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Of the Altar, Communion, Lights, Candleſticks, Holy Veſſels, and ſome other
                <lb/>
              noble Ornaments of Temples.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The next chief Point to be conſidered
                <lb/>
              in the Temple, is fixing the Altar,
                <lb/>
              where Divine Office is to be performed, which
                <lb/>
              ſhould be in the moſt honourable Place, and
                <lb/>
              this ſeems to be exactly in the Middle of the
                <lb/>
              Tribune. </s>
              <s>The Ancients uſed to make their </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
Impressum