Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009059">
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              igitur intelligere poſſet? </s>
              <s id="s.009060">Ergo homo, vita &
                <lb/>
              ſenſu præditus eſt: animal autem, aut plan­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1258"/>
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              tam dicere abſurdum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.009061">Quibuſdam autem
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              viſum eſt, quòd homo animal eſſet ob natu­
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              ræ conſenſum in animæ, & corporis affecti­
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              bus, & quòd quidam morbi ex animalibus in
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              homines tranſirent: velut vitiligo, quæ ex
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              equis, præcipuè alba, tranſit in homines ſolo
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              tactu: vt enim quis equum attrectauerit, qui
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              eiuſcemodi morbo detineatur, ſtatim ab ea
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              corripitur. </s>
              <s id="s.009062">Sed & quædam ex plantis in ani­
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              malia tranſeunt, quamobrem non eſt dicen­
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              dum animalia plantas eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.009063">Itaque ad ſermo­
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              nem de homine tranſeamus.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1259"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009064">
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              Hominem
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
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              eſſe animal.
                <margin.target id="marg1258"/>
              Vitiligo ex
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              equis in ho­
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              mines tran­
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              ſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009065">
                <margin.target id="marg1259"/>
              Homo pro­
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              pter quatuor
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              factus eſt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009066">Homo ipſe propter quatuor factus eſt: pri­
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              mùm, vt diuina cognoſcet, ſecundùm, vt illis
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              mortalia medius
                <expan abbr="cõnecteret">connecteret</expan>
              :
                <expan abbr="tertiũ">tertium</expan>
              , vt morta­
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              libus imperaret. </s>
              <s id="s.009067">Neceſſe enim erat & in hoc
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              genere, velut & in cœleſti, aliquod eſſe opti­
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              mum ac nobiliſſimum, quodque imperitet
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              cæteris, hîc autem vi, illis verò ſpontè. </s>
              <s id="s.009068">Quar­
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              tum, vt quicquid mente excogitari poſſet, id
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              omne opifex maior ipſa cogitatione præſta­
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              ret, eſſetque animal fallax. </s>
              <s id="s.009069">Nam belluæ fal­
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              laces eſſe non poterant ob ſtultitiam, ſuperi
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              verò ob probitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.009070">Non enim hic finis, fi­
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              nis enim bonum: ſed fini neceſſario coniun­
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              ctum. </s>
              <s id="s.009071">Hoc autem vitare conuenit, velut &
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              mortem: quædam enim neceſſaria vitanda
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              ſunt, quia mala, cùm tamen ad vniuerſi or­
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              natum pertineant: & ſi non omninò
                <expan abbr="aboleã-tur">abolean­
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                tur</expan>
              , vt næui & muſcæ: & quæcunque totius
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              non vnius partis gratia eſſe videntur. </s>
              <s id="s.009072">Homo
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              igitur intelligendo diuis ſimilis efficitur,
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1260"/>
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              prauitate autem belluis. </s>
              <s id="s.009073">Triplex igitur ho­
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              minum genus: Diuinum, quod non decipit,
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              nec decipitur: hum anum, quod decipit, &
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
                <lb/>
              decipitur
                <expan abbr="belluinũ">belluinum</expan>
              , quod
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              decipit, & deci­
                <lb/>
              pitur. </s>
              <s id="s.009074">Quòd verò decipit, ac decipitur, quod­
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              que maximam ſolum occupat humani ge­
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              neris partem, non ſimplex modus, ſed mi­
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              ſtus eſt hic ex belluino, humanóque genere.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1261"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009075">
                <margin.target id="marg1260"/>
              Triplex ho­
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              minum ge­
                <lb/>
              nus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009076">
                <margin.target id="marg1261"/>
              Quomodo re­
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              ges, &
                <expan abbr="ſapiẽ-tes">ſapien­
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                tes</expan>
              populi­
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              que primis
                <lb/>
              principiis per
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              ſe noti ſint.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009077">Ac verò quomodo gentes atque prouin­
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              ciæ, tum reges ac ſapientes cuſtodientibus
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              primis principiis nota ſint, nunc dicam. </s>
              <s id="s.009078">Il­
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              lud primùm prætereo, quod in libro de Ani­
                <lb/>
              morum immortalitate oſtendimus, ſingula
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              quæque ſcilicet, contractis per multa gene­
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              ralia conditionibus cognita eſſe: nam hoc
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              non primò eſt nouiſſe ea, ſed alia quadam
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              ratione: at verò perſe longéque melius nota
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              eſſe regna & populos, tum reges ac ſapien­
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              tes, quàm prauos & priuatos, ac ignobiles,
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              nunc docere aggredior. </s>
              <s id="s.009079">Totum humanum
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              genus cognitum eſt & tota etiam terra quæ
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              habitari poteſt, vtque illius prouincia quæ
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              libet pars quædam eſt certa, vt centeſima ac
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              milleſima, ita etiam gens qúæ in ea habitat
                <lb/>
              cognita eſt, vt totius humani generis certa
                <lb/>
              quædam pars. </s>
              <s id="s.009080">At verò reges ipſi & exerci­
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              tus & ſapientes, cauſæ ſunt horum, & vt
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              prouinciæ vel pereant, vel diuturna floreant
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              felicitate: itaque & cauſas has non ſimpli­
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              citer quidem, ſed vt ad prouincias, regna ac
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              ciuitates comparantur, notas eſſe oportet.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009081">Quamobrem nota hæc ſunt, & ſigna ac pro­
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              digia in horum interitu, ac ortu fieri con­
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              ſueuerunt: igitur tanta fuit de his cura. </s>
              <s id="s.009082">In
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              genere verò nudus creatus eſt, vt formoſior
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              eſſet, tenuior ac humidior. </s>
              <s id="s.009083">Sed quoniam nu­
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              ditas obnoxia erat periculis; & minus firma
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              tribus illum armauit præſidiis: ingenio ad in­
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              uentionem neceſſariorum: ſermone ad auxi­
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              lium: manibus ad perfectionem omnium
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              eorum, quæ vel ingenio excogitaſſet, vel ſer­
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              mone ab aliis didiciſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.009084">Neque enim aliud
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              animal verè loquitur, cùm non ex mente
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              proficiſcatur verbum, nec manus habet, ſed
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              manibus aliquid ſimile. </s>
              <s id="s.009085">Itaque neceſſaria
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              primò inuenit ratione, ædes, veſtes, arma, ci­
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              bos: pòſt terram ac materia metiri: nec his
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              contentus, planiſphæriis, ſciotericis, armil­
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              liſque ampliſſimam cœli molem, ac vix
                <expan abbr="mẽ-te">men­
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                te</expan>
              conceptam, euocauit in terram, in angu­
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              ſtumque redigens ſub ſenſu ac oculis poſuit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.009086">Inde naturalem Philoſophiam conſtituit,
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              reliquaſque ſcientias: demum ad leges, qui­
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              bus cum pace viuere multitudo poſſet, ani­
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              mum applicuit. </s>
              <s id="s.009087">Diſſidebant inter ſe enim
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1263"/>
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              homines, ac nunc etiam non minus quàm
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              belluæ ab illis, lege lingua, prouinciis, mori­
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              bus. </s>
              <s id="s.009088">Neque enim pluris eſt apud Mahume­
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              ti cultores Chriſtianus, neque apud vtroſ­
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              que Iudæus, improbo, ac viliſſimo cane: irri­
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              detur, vrgetur, vapulat, ſpoliatur, denique
                <lb/>
              occiditur, in ſeruitutem adigitur, ſtupris vio­
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              lentis, fœdiſque tractationibus vexatur, vt
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              non tanta à tigride cui catulos ſubduxerit
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              homo, paſſurus ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.009089">Leges autem quatuor,
                <lb/>
              Idolorum Iudæorum, Chriſtianorum, & Ma­
                <lb/>
              humetanorum. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009090">
                <margin.target id="marg1262"/>
              Tria hominis
                <lb/>
              dona preci­
                <lb/>
              pua.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.009091">
                <margin.target id="marg1263"/>
              Quatuor in
                <lb/>
              quibus ho­
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              mines diſſi­
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              dent.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.009092">Idolorum cultor ſuam præfert legem qua­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1264"/>
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              tuor argumentis. </s>
              <s id="s.009093">Primùm quòd pugna ſu­
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              perior euaſerit aduerſus Iudæos toties, donec
                <lb/>
              eam legem deleuerit: quare non magis pla­
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              cuiſſe Dei cultum vnius quam multorum,
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              opifici ſummo ac rectori. </s>
              <s id="s.009094">Deinde, quòd cùm
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              populus regem habet aliquem ſummum, de­
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              cet vnumquenque ad illius potius præfectos
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              aulicoſque confugere in priuatorum cauſis,
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              tum maximè minimis, quàm ex quacunque
                <lb/>
              cauſa ipſum regem vexare. </s>
              <s id="s.009095">Eodem modo
                <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>
                <lb/>
              Deus ille ſummus minimam habeat de his
                <lb/>
              inferioribus curam, priuatorum verò nego­
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              cia etiam horum inferorum minimam obti­
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              neant partem: ad deos potiùs ſummi illius
                <lb/>
              miniſtros ob quæque negocia indigna refu­
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              gere opportunius putant, quàm adeò abie­
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              ctis cauſis illum, quem vel cogitatione aſſe­
                <lb/>
              qui tentare nephas eſt, vexare precibus. </s>
              <s id="s.009096">De­
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              nique hac lege, hiſque exemplis, dum è mor­
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              talitate ad cultum diuinum tranſire ſperant,
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              plurimos virtutes inclytos euaſiſſe, vt Her­
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              culem, Apollinem, Iouem, Mercurium, Ce­
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              rerem. </s>
              <s id="s.009097">Quòd verò ad miracula attinet, neque
                <lb/>
              in illis pauciora fuiſſe à diis ſuis auxilia ma­
                <lb/>
              nifeſta, tum oracula, quàm in omnibus aliis:
                <lb/>
              nec noſtram de Deo, ac mundi origine ab­
                <lb/>
              ſurdam eſſe minus, imò longè magis, opi­
                <lb/>
              nionem, quàm ſuam, quod ex contentione
                <lb/>
              inter ipſas leges aliàs apparet, odioque ea­
                <lb/>
              rum in omnes Philoſophos velut veritatis
                <lb/>
              autores. </s>
              <s id="s.009098">At verò hi victimas humanas obii­
                <lb/>
              ciunt, ſtatuarum mutarum venerationem,
                <lb/>
              deorum multitudinem, quæ etiam à ſuis irri­
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              deatur: illorum quoque ſcelera nefanda,
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              quæ de homine pudeat etiam cogitare, ſum­
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              mi opificis ingratam obliuionem. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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