Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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rent Columns and Statues, in making an Image
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of that God which was continually turning
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round to face the Sun. </
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<
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>And there was ſome
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what yet more wonderful than this in the Tem
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ple of
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Diana
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at
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Epheſus;
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which was,
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Cupid's
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Dart hanging upon nothing. </
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<
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>For ſuch kind
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of Ornaments no other certain Rule can be
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given, but that they be ſet in decent Places,
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where they may be viewed with Wonder and
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Reverence.</
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<
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>CHAP. XIV.</
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Of the firſt Original of Baſiliques, their Porticoes and different Members, and
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wherein they differ from Temples.
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<
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>It is certain that at firſt Baſiliques were no
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thing but Places where the Magiſtrates uſed
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to meet to adminiſter Juſtice under Shelter,
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and the Tribunal was added to give the greater
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Air of Majeſty to the Structure. </
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>Afterwards
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in order to enlarge them, the principal Roof
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being found not ſufficient, Porticoes were add
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ed on each Side, firſt a ſingle, and in Time a
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double one. </
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<
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>Others acroſs the Tribunal made
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a Nave, which we ſhall call the Juſticiary Nave,
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as being the Place for the Concourſe of the
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Notaries, Sollicitors and Advocates, and joined
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this Nave to the other Iſles after the Manner of
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the Letter T. </
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<
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>The Porticoes without were
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ſuppoſed to be added afterwards for the Con
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venience of Servants: So that the Baſilique
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conſiſts of Naves or Iſles, and of Porticoes: But
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as the Baſilique ſeems to partake of the Na
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ture of the Temple, it has claimed moſt of the
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Ornaments belonging to the Temple, but ſtill
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in ſuch a Manner as to ſeem rather to imitate
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than to pretend to equal it in Embelliſhments.
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<
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>It is raiſed above the Level of the Ground, like
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the Temple, but an eighth Part leſs; that ſo
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it may yield to the Temple, as to the more
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honourable Structure: And indeed none of its
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other Ornaments muſt be allowed the ſame So
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lemnity as thoſe uſed in a Temple. </
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<
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>Moreover
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there is this further Difference between the
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Baſilique and the Temple, that the Iſles in the
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former muſt be clear and open, and its Win
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dows perſectly lightſome, upon account of the
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ſometimes tumultuous Crowd of Litigants, and
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for the Conveniency of examining and ſub
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ſcribing to Writings; and it would be very
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proper, if it could be ſo contrived, that ſuch as
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came to ſeek either their Clients or their Pa
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trons, might immediately find them out; For
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which Reaſon the Columns ought to be ſet at
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a greater Diſtance from each other; and there
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fore thoſe that ſupport Arches are the moſt
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proper, though ſuch as bear Architraves are
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not to be wholly rejected. </
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<
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>Thus we may de
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fine the Baſilique to be a clear ſpacious Walk
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covered with a Roof, with Porticoes or Iſles on
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the Inſide; becauſe that which is without Iſles
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ſeems to me to have more in it of the Court
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of Juſtice or Senate-houſe, whereof we ſhall
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ſpeak in due Time, than of the Baſilique. </
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<
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>The
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Platform of the Baſilique ſhould be twice as
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long as broad; and the chief Iſle, which is that
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in the Middle, and the croſs one, which we
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have called the Juſticiary, ſhould be entirely
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clear and free for Walkers. </
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<
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>If it is to have on
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ly one ſingle Iſle on each Side, without the
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Juſticiary Nave, you may order your Propor
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tions as follows: Divide the Breadth of the
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Platform into nine Parts, whereof five of them
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muſt be allowed to the middle Iſle, and two to
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each Portico or ſide Iſle. </
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<
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>The Length too
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muſt be divided into nine Parts, one of which
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muſt be given to the Sweep of the Tribunal,
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and two to the Breadth or Entrance into that
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Tribunal. </
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<
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>But if beſides the ſide Iſle you
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would have a Juſticiary Nave, then divide the
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Breadth of the Platform only into four Parts,
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giving two to the middle Iſle, and one to each
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ſide Iſle; and divide the Length as follows:
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Give one twelfth Part of it to the Sweep of the
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Tribunal, two twelfths and an half to the
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Breadth of its Entrance, and let the Breadth of
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the Juſticiary Nave be the ſixth Part of the
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Length of the whole Platform. </
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<
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>But if you are
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to have not only the Juſticiary Nave, but double
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Iſles beſides; then divide the Breadth of the
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Platform into ten Parts, giving four to the
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middle Iſle, and three on each Side to be di
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vided equally for the ſide Iſles, and divide the
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Length into twenty Parts, giving one and a
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half to the Sweep of the Tribunal, and three
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and one third to its Entrance, and allowing on
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ly three Parts to the Breadth of the Juſticiary
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Nave. </
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<
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>The Walls of the Baſilique need not
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be ſo thick as thoſe of the Temple; becauſe
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